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CLJ Bulletin, Issue 2015, Vol 41
09 October 2015


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New This Week

1. Case(s) of the Week

  1. HONG LEONG FINANCE BHD v. LOW THIAM HOE & ANOTHER APPEAL [2015] 8 CLJ 1

  2. AMIN RAVAN v. MENTERI DALAM NEGERI & ORS [2015] 8 CLJ 165

2. Latest Cases

  1. Legal Network Series

  2. CLJ 2015 Volume 8 (Part 1)

  3. CLJ 2015 Volume 8 (Part 2)

3. Articles

  1. LNS Article(s)

4. Legislation Highlights

  1. Principal Acts

  2. Amending Acts

  3. PU(A)

  4. PU(B)

  5. Legislation Alert


CASE(S) OF THE WEEK

HONG LEONG FINANCE BHD v. LOW THIAM HOE & ANOTHER APPEAL [2015] 8 CLJ 1
FEDERAL COURT, PUTRAJAYA
ARIFIN ZAKARIA CJ, RAUS SHARIF PCA, ZULKEFLI AHMAD MAKINUDIN CJ (MALAYA), ABDULL HAMID EMBONG FCJ, SURIYADI HALIM OMAR FCJ
[CIVIL APPEALS NO: 02(f)-53-08-2013(W) & 02(i)-57-08-2013(W)]
24 AUGUST 2015

CIVIL PROCEDURE: Amendment - Defence - Amendment to statement of defence - Application made on eve of trial - Whether prejudicial - Whether proposed amendment introduced a new and different defence - Whether Court of Appeal erred in applying principles in Yamaha Motor Co Ltd v. Yamaha Malaysia Sdn Bhd & Ors


AMIN RAVAN v. MENTERI DALAM NEGERI & ORS [2015] 8 CLJ 165
FEDERAL COURT, PUTRAJAYA
RAUS SHARIF PCA, RICHARD MALANJUM CJ (SABAH & SARAWAK), HASAN LAH FCJ, ZAINUN ALI FCJ, JEFFREY TAN FCJ
[CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: 05-137-06-2014(W)]
14 SEPTEMBER 2015

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: Extradition - Order of committal - Appeal against - Detention of appellant pending issuance of extradition order - Whether lawful - Appellant allegedly a fugitive criminal required to attend hearing in United States of America (US) - Whether offences allegedly committed by appellant extraterritorial offences in US but not in Malaysia - Whether there was corresponding offence in Malaysia which has extraterritorial effect - Dual criminality requirements under s. 6(2) and s. 20(1) of Extradition Act 1992 - Whether complied with - Effect approach and continuing approach - Whether only rationalises jurisdiction of requesting state - Whether changes an extraterritorial offence to territorial offence - Whether requested state may refuse extradition when there is no corresponding extraterritorial jurisdiction - Whether offences allegedly committed by appellant had no extraterritorial application under s. 4 of Penal Code - Whether appellant could be extradited - Whether habeas corpus should be granted - Extra-Territorial Offences Act 1976, s. 2(1)

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: Habeas corpus - Application for - Extradition - Order of committal - Appeal against - Detention of appellant pending issuance of extradition order - Whether lawful - Appellant allegedly a fugitive criminal required to attend hearing in United States of America (US) - Whether offences allegedly committed by appellant extraterritorial offences in US but not in Malaysia - Whether there was corresponding offence in Malaysia which has extraterritorial effect - Dual criminality requirements under s. 6(2) and s. 20(1) of Extradition Act 1992 - Whether complied with - Effect approach and continuing approach - Whether only rationalises jurisdiction of requesting state - Whether changes an extraterritorial offence to territorial offence - Whether requested state may refuse extradition when there is no corresponding extraterritorial jurisdiction - Whether offences allegedly committed by appellant had no extraterritorial application under s. 4 of Penal Code - Whether appellant could be extradited - Whether habeas corpus should be granted - Extra-Territorial Offences Act 1976, s. 2(1)


LATEST CASES

Legal Network Series

[2014] 1 LNS 1197

TAN KEAN MEI v. TAN LIN @ TAN SIEW HUP & ANOR

PROSEDUR SIVIL: Perintah - Penguatkuasaan - Perintah yang menghendaki penjualan setengah bahagian hartanah pada harga pasaran semasa perintah dibuat - Kelewatan dalam penyerahan perintah - Kenaikan harga pasaran - Sama ada harga pasaran semasa hendaklah ditentukan pada masa perintah diserahkan kepada defendan - Sama ada perintah termeterai harus disampaikan terlebih dahulu kepada defendan sebelum perintah tersebut boleh dikuatkuasakan -Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah 2012, A. 45 k. 7

GANTI RUGI: Taksiran - Kerugian - Tuntutan untuk sewaan dan tunggakan sewaan - Sama ada plaintif yang belum menjadi pemilik tanah berhak untuk menuntut sewaan atau tunggakan sewaan - Sama ada plaintif telah mengemukakan sebarang bukti untuk menyokong tuntutan untuk sewaan dan tunggakan sewaan

[2014] 1 LNS 1301

KETUA PENGARAH HASIL DALAM NEGERI v. CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE INSTRUMENTS (M) SDN BHD

CIVIL PROCEDURE: Striking out - Notice of appeal - Failure to serve notice of appeal within time - Appeal against decision of Special Commissioners of Income Tax - Whether appeal should be struck out for failure to serve notice of appeal within time - Whether appellant served notice of appeal on respondent within 21 days after service of order of Special Commissioners of Income Tax - Whether appeal could only be brought when notice of appeal had been served on respondent - Whether appeal properly brought

[2014] 1 LNS 1375

HASRAT SALING CONSTRUCTION SDN BHD lwn. MOHAMMED JAVED CHHOTANI & YANG LAIN

KETERANGAN: Beban pembuktian - Salah nyata frod - Dorongan untuk memasuki perjanjian - Sama ada pihak yang mendakwa kewujudan salah nyata frod perlu membuktikan dakwaan tersebut tanpa keraguan yang munasabah - Akta Keterangan 1950, s. 101 & 102

UNDANG-UNDANG SYARIKAT: Pengarah - Kemungkiran kewajipan fidusiari - Perlakuan salah nyata frod - Dorongan pengarah kepada syarikat untuk memasuki suatu urusan untuk kepentingan diri pengarah - Pernyataan salah dengan niat hendak menipu - Sama ada terdapat kemungkiran kewajipan fidusiari - Sama ada tindakan pengarah yang membelakangkan syarikat dan membuat keuntungan untuk diri sendiri adalah bertentangan dengan tugasan dan tanggungjawab fidusiari sebagai pengarah

UNDANG-UNDANG SYARIKAT: Pengarah - Kemungkiran tugas - Penyalahgunaan dana syarikat untuk mengaut keuntungan untuk diri sendiri - Kerugian kepada syarikat - Sama ada terdapat kemungkiran tugas apabila pengarah menyalahgunakan dana syarikat untuk kepentingan diri sendiri yang menyebabkan kerugian kepada syarikat

[2014] 1 LNS 1381

GTI INDUSTRIES SDN BHD v. THUN HUANG SDN BHD

EVIDENCE: Burden of proof - Allegation of particular fact - Premise not in good and tenable condition during handing over - Landlord's right to set off deposit payable to tenant - Whether burden of proof is on tenant or landlord

LANDLORD AND TENANT: Tenancy - Construction - Premature termination of tenancy by tenant - Landlord's right to forfeit deposit - Whether landlord is entitled to forfeit deposit on account of premature termination of tenancy - Whether landlord had accepted early termination

[2015] 1 LNS 138

ALCIM HOLDING SDN BHD & ANOR v. TORALF MUELLER & ORS

COMPANY LAW: Directors - Breach of fiduciary duties - Claim for damages - Business judgment made by directors for interest of company - Allegation of conspiracy to injure business of company by directors - Whether there was conspiracy to divert business of company - Whether directors had acted in a manner which would bring their personal interest into conflict with company - Whether directors proposal of expansion of business plan was done in good faith and in best interest of company - Companies Act 1965, s. 132 (1B)

EVIDENCE: Admissibility of evidence - Expert evidence - Lack of qualification and experience of expert - Whether weight of evidence affected - Whether highly technical evidence of a witness was admissible in absence of qualification and experience - Evidence Act 1950, s. 45

EMPLOYMENT: Contract of service - Breach - Breach of fiduciary duties as employee - Usage or disclosure of company's confidential information - Claim for damages - Allegation of conspiracy and misappropriation of company's intellectual property by employees - Absence of restriction clause on usage or disclosure of company's confidential information in employment contract - Whether an employee was in breach of fiduciary duty for using and disclosing company's intellectual property - Whether there was breach of employment contract

TRUSTS: Trustees - Breach of trust - Power of trustee subject to beneficiaries' directions - Voting power in company - Whether trust deed allowed trustee to act independently - Whether trustee breached terms of trust deed when trustee acted without direction of beneficiaries

TORT: Fraud - Conspiracy - Conspiracy to injure company by directors - Intent to injure - Allegation of misappropriation of company funds - Whether there was unlawful object to injure company - Whether there was co-existing agreement with an overt act causing damage to company - Whether allegation of conspiracy has been proved


CLJ 2015 Volume 8 (Part 1)

COURT

FEDERAL COURT

Hong Leong Finance Bhd v. Low Thiam Hoe & Another Appeal
(Civil Procedure - Amendment to statement of defence on eve of trial - Whether prejudicial) [2015] 8 CLJ 1 [FC]

S & M Jewellery Trading Sdn Bhd & Ors v. Fui Lian-Kwong Hing Sdn Bhd
(Landlord And Tenant - Lease - Termination on ground of non-registration - Whether sub-lease void - Whether notice of termination amounted to repudiatory breach - Whether unregistered lease treated as sub-lease in equity) [2015] 8 CLJ 16 [FC]

COURT OF APPEAL

Far East Holdings Bhd & Anor v. Majlis Ugama Islam Dan Adat Resam Melayu Pahang & Another Appeal
(Arbitration - Award - Setting aside - Construction of agreement - Whether arbitrator adopted proper approach in construing agreement) [2015] 8 CLJ 58 [CA]

Ketua Pengarah Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia & Anor v. Dr Ghandi Rajan Arjunun
(Civil Procedure - Judgments and orders - Declaratory order) [2015] 8 CLJ 90 [CA]

HIGH COURT

Pacific World Destination East Sdn Bhd v. Ngiam Geok Mooi & Anor
(Administrative Law; Civil Procedure; Labour Law - Judicial review - Certiorari - Whether decision of Industrial Court unreasonable in "Wednesbury" sense - Test of reasonable employer) [2015] 8 CLJ 103 [HC]

Shen & Sons Sdn Bhd v. Jutawarna Development Sdn Bhd & Ors
(Civil Procedure - Statement of claim - Failure to plead special damages - Whether fatal - Assessment of damages) [2015] 8 CLJ 125 [HC]

SUBJECT INDEX

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Judicial review - Certiorari - Industrial Court - Industrial Court disallowing summary dismissal of Regional General Manager on grounds of insubordination - Whether Industrial Court committed error warranting decision being quashed by certiorari - Whether decision of Industrial Court unreasonable in "Wednesbury" sense - Whether certiorari should be granted
Pacific World Destination East Sdn Bhd v. Ngiam Geok Mooi & Anor
(Collin Lawrence Sequerah JC) [2015] 8 CLJ 103 [HC]

ARBITRATION

Award - Setting aside - Application for - Shareholding structure - Allotment of shares - Construction of agreement - Whether arbitrator adopted proper approach in construing agreement - Whether assessment of value of shares by arbitrator correct - Whether intervention warranted - Whether arbitrator erred in awarding pre and post award interest - Whether arbitrator committed error of law in awarding final award - Arbitration Act 2005, s. 33(6)
Far East Holdings Bhd & Anor v. Majlis Ugama Islam Dan Adat Resam Melayu Pahang & Another Appeal
(Aziah Ali, Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahim, Mohd Zawawi Salleh JJCA) [2015] 8 CLJ 58 [CA]

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Amendment - Defence - Amendment to statement of defence - Application made on eve of trial - Whether prejudicial - Whether proposed amendment introduced a new and different defence - Whether Court of Appeal erred in applying principles in Yamaha Motor Co Ltd v. Yamaha Malaysia Sdn Bhd & Ors
Hong Leong Finance Bhd v. Low Thiam Hoe & Another Appeal
(Arifin Zakaria CJ, Raus Sharif PCA, Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin CJ (Malaya), Abdull Hamid Embong, Suriyadi Halim Omar FCJJ) [2015] 8 CLJ 1 [FC]

Damages - Assessment of damages - Appeal against damages awarded by senior assistant registrar (SAR) - Failure to object to evidence on special damages adduced during hearing of assessment before SAR - Whether amounted to waiver - Whether defendants precluded from raising objections during appeal before judge in chambers - Rules of Court 2012, O. 56 r. 1
Shen & Sons Sdn Bhd v. Jutawarna Development Sdn Bhd & Ors
(S Nantha Balan JC) [2015] 8 CLJ 125 [HC]

Judgments and orders - Declaratory order - Application for - Applications for renewal of licence for private hospital repeatedly refused by Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Selangor - Premises inspected and notice of offence and seal of premises issued - Whether closure of premises consistent with provisions of Medical Act 1971 and Private Healthcare Facilities and Services Act 1998 - Whether closure of premises lawful - Whether premises should be allowed to continue to operate
Ketua Pengarah Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia & Anor v. Dr Ghandi Rajan Arjunun
(Abdul Wahab Patail, Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid JJCA ) [2015] 8 CLJ 90 [CA]

Judicial review - Principles - Whether judicial review not confined to process but also includes review of substance - Whether judicial review court may enquire into merits and substance of decisions
Pacific World Destination East Sdn Bhd v. Ngiam Geok Mooi & Anor
(Collin Lawrence Sequerah JC) [2015] 8 CLJ 103 [HC]

Pleadings - Statement of claim - Failure to plead - Aggravated and exemplary damages - Whether should be claimed as specific relief in statement of claim - Whether failure to provide particulars for aggravated and exemplary damages fatal
Shen & Sons Sdn Bhd v. Jutawarna Development Sdn Bhd & Ors
(S Nantha Balan JC) [2015] 8 CLJ 125 [HC]

Pleadings - Statement of claim - Failure to plead special damages - Whether fatal - Whether O. 18 r. 12(1) and (2) of Rules of Court 2012 complied with - Lack of objection by defendants - Whether evidence of loss and expense could be adduced during hearing of assessment of damages although not pleaded in statement of claim
Shen & Sons Sdn Bhd v. Jutawarna Development Sdn Bhd & Ors
(S Nantha Balan JC) [2015] 8 CLJ 125 [HC]

LABOUR LAW

Employment - Termination - Insubordination - Regional General manager summarily dismissed on grounds of insubordination - Nature and limit of employee's duty to obey orders of superior - Whether insubordination strikes at root of employment contract - Whether serious enough to justify summary dismissal - Test for determining whether employee should be dismissed - Whether punishment of termination proportionate - Whether Industrial Court committed error warranting its decision being quashed by certiorari - Industrial Relations Act 1967, s. 20(1)
Pacific World Destination East Sdn Bhd v. Ngiam Geok Mooi & Anor
(Collin Lawrence Sequerah JC) [2015] 8 CLJ 103 [HC]

Employment - Termination - Proportionality - Whether punishment of termination proportionate - Test of reasonable employer in British Leyland UK Ltd v. Swift
Pacific World Destination East Sdn Bhd v. Ngiam Geok Mooi & Anor
(Collin Lawrence Sequerah JC) [2015] 8 CLJ 103 [HC]

LANDLORD AND TENANT

Lease - Agreement - Termination of sub-lease on ground of non-registration - Whether rendered sub-lease void - Whether registration of sub-lease was root of agreement - Whether delay in registration amounted to fundamental breach - Whether parties regulated by terms of unregistered sub-lease - Whether tenant entitled to terminate agreement - Whether notice of termination amounted to repudiatory breach
S & M Jewellery Trading Sdn Bhd & Ors v. Fui Lian-kwong Hing Sdn Bhd
(Suriyadi Halim Omar, Ahmad Maarop, Zainun Ali, Jeffrey Tan, Mohamed Apandi Ali FCJJ) [2015] 8 CLJ 16 [FC]

Lease - Non-registration - Whether becomes tenancy at will - Whether tenancy at will changes into periodic tenancy upon payment of rent - Whether unregistered lease treated as sub-lease in equity - Whether equity could compel specific performance of sub-lease - Whether rights of proprietor was as per lease
S & M Jewellery Trading Sdn Bhd & Ors v. Fui Lian-kwong Hing Sdn Bhd
(Suriyadi Halim Omar, Ahmad Maarop, Zainun Ali, Jeffrey Tan, Mohamed Apandi Ali FCJJ) [2015] 8 CLJ 16 [FC]

Lease - Termination - Unregistered sub-lease - Whether registration was root of agreement - Whether notice of termination amounted to repudiatory breach - Whether loss suffered by landlord was periodic tenancy from year to year - Whether lease could be specifically enforced - Whether landlord was only entitled to damages in lieu of notice of termination
S & M Jewellery Trading Sdn Bhd & Ors v. Fui Lian-kwong Hing Sdn Bhd
(Suriyadi Halim Omar, Ahmad Maarop, Zainun Ali, Jeffrey Tan, Mohamed Apandi Ali FCJJ) [2015] 8 CLJ 16 [FC]


CLJ 2015 Volume 8 (Part 2)

COURT

 

FEDERAL COURT

Amin Ravan v. Menteri Dalam Negeri & Ors
(Criminal Procedure - Extradition - Order of committal - Detention pending issuance of extradition order - Whether lawful) [2015] 8 CLJ 165 [FC]

Merong Mahawangsa Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Dato' Shazryl Eskay Abdullah
(Contract - Illegality and public policy - Whether agreement to provide services to influence decision of public decision maker to award contract against public policy) [2015] 8 CLJ 212 [FC]

COURT OF APPEAL

Dato' Dr V Thuraisingam & Anor v. Sanmarkan Ganapathy & Anor
(Professions; Tort - Negligence - Standard of care - Medical negligence - Misdiagnosis or failure to diagnose - Whether trial court bound by medical opinion) [2015] 8 CLJ 248 [CA]

Loo Chooi Ting v. United Overseas Bank Ltd
(Civil Procedure - Judgments and orders - Doctrine of merger - Whether applicable to foreign judgments - Reciprocal Enforcement Of Judgments Act 1958) [2015] 8 CLJ 287 [CA]

Leong Ah Kew & Ors v. Prisma Suria Sdn Bhd
(Contract - Breach - Agreement - Joint venture agreement - Failure to develop land within stipulated time) [2015] 8 CLJ 300 [HC]

Tan Sri Dato' Paduka (Dr) Ting Pek Khiing v. CIMB Bank Bhd
(Bankruptcy - Public examination - Appearance - Whether there was reasonable belief that potential witnesses must be called to give information on dealings with properties of bankrupt) [2015] 8 CLJ 321 [HC]

SUBJECT INDEX

 

BANKRUPTCY

Public examination - Appearance - Appeal by bankrupt against decision of Senior Assistant Registrar for leave that persons named ordered to appear for purpose of public examination - Whether leave of court obtained prior to application - Whether there was reasonable belief that potential witnesses must be called to give information on dealings with properties of the bankrupt - Bankruptcy Act 1967, s. 31 - Bankruptcy Rules 1969, rr. 53(1) & 54
Tan Sri Dato' Paduka (Dr) Ting Pek Khiing v. CIMB Bank Bhd
(Hasnah Mohammed Hashim J) [2015] 8 CLJ 321 [CA]

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Cause of action - Loan facilities - Claim for payment - Judgment in default obtained against defendant for outstanding sum - Whether cause of action against defendant merged in judgment of High Court in Singapore - Doctrine of merger - Whether applicable to foreign judgments - Whether default judgment binding as judgment given after trial on merits - Doctrine of res judicata - Applicability - Whether plaintiff barred from relitigating action - Whether High Court of Singapore's judgment acted as final prohibition to any other proceedings - Whether proceedings for recovery sum payable under judgment must be by way of registration - Reciprocal Enforcement Of Judgments Act 1958, s. 7
Loo Chooi Ting v. United Overseas Bank Ltd
(Abdul Wahab Patail, Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid JJCA) [2015] 8 CLJ 287 [CA]

Judgments and orders - Judgment in default - Judgment in default obtained against defendant for outstanding sum - Whether cause of action against defendant merged in judgment of High Court in Singapore - Doctrine of merger - Whether applicable to foreign judgments - Whether default judgment binding as judgment given after trial on merits - Doctrine of res judicata - Applicability - Whether plaintiff barred from relitigating action - Whether High Court of Singapore's judgment acted as final prohibition to any other proceedings - Whether proceedings for recovery sum payable under judgment must be by way of registration - Reciprocal Enforcement Of Judgments Act 1958, s. 7
Loo Chooi Ting v. United Overseas Bank Ltd
(Abdul Wahab Patail, Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid JJCA) [2015] 8 CLJ 287 [CA]

Preliminary objection - Issues raised - Whether there were live issues between parties - Whether issues had become academic - Whether appeal would be a mere exercise in futility - Whether preliminary objection overruled
Loo Chooi Ting v. United Overseas Bank Ltd
(Abdul Wahab Patail, Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid JJCA) [2015] 8 CLJ 287 [CA]

CONTRACT

Breach - Agreement - Joint venture agreement (JVA) - Failure by defendants to develop land within stipulated time - Construction of clauses in JVA - Whether defendant's failure to develop land was due to plaintiffs' failure to evict squatters and demolish buildings on land (evict and demolish) - Whether plaintiff's obligation to evict and demolish was a condition precedent for defendants to commence development works - Whether plaintiffs entitled to terminate JVA
Leong Ah Kew & Ors v. Prisma Suria Sdn Bhd
(Mohd Nazlan Ghazali JC) [2015] 8 CLJ 300 [CA]

Illegality and public policy - Whether provision of services illegal under Malaysian law - Claim for payment - Undertaking to use influence and good relationship with Government of Malaysia and Federal Ministers to secure tender of intergovernmental project - Whether letter of undertaking enforceable - Whether agreement to provide services to influence decision of public decision maker to award contract against public policy - Whether contractual consideration was lawful - Whether agreement void - Contracts Act 1950, s. 24(e)
Merong Mahawangsa Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Dato' Shazryl Eskay Abdullah
(Richard Malanjum CJ (Sabah & Sarawak), Ahmad Maarop, Jeffrey Tan, Mohamed Apandi Ali & Abu Samah Nordin FCJJ) [2015] 8 CLJ 212 [FC]

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Extradition - Order of committal - Appeal against - Detention of appellant pending issuance of extradition order - Whether lawful - Appellant allegedly a fugitive criminal required to attend hearing in United States of America (US) - Whether offences allegedly committed by appellant extraterritorial offences in US but not in Malaysia - Whether there was corresponding offence in Malaysia which has extraterritorial effect - Dual criminality requirements under s. 6(2) and s. 20(1) of Extradition Act 1992 - Whether complied with - Effect approach and continuing approach - Whether only rationalises jurisdiction of requesting state - Whether changes an extraterritorial offence to territorial offence - Whether requested state may refuse extradition when there is no corresponding extraterritorial jurisdiction - Whether offences allegedly committed by appellant had no extraterritorial application under s. 4 of Penal Code - Whether appellant could be extradited - Whether habeas corpus should be granted - Extra-Territorial Offences Act 1976, s. 2(1)
Amin Ravan v. Menteri Dalam Negeri & Ors
(Raus Sharif PCA, Richard Malanjum CJ (Sabah & Sarawak), Hasan Lah, Zainun Ali, Jeffrey Tan FCJJ) [2015] 8 CLJ 165 [FC]

Habeas corpus - Application for - Extradition - Order of committal - Appeal against - Detention of appellant pending issuance of extradition order - Whether lawful - Appellant allegedly a fugitive criminal required to attend hearing in United States of America (US) - Whether offences allegedly committed by appellant extraterritorial offences in US but not in Malaysia - Whether there was corresponding offence in Malaysia which has extraterritorial effect - Dual criminality requirements under s. 6(2) and s. 20(1) of Extradition Act 1992 - Whether complied with - Effect approach and continuing approach - Whether only rationalises jurisdiction of requesting state - Whether changes an extraterritorial offence to territorial offence - Whether requested state may refuse extradition when there is no corresponding extraterritorial jurisdiction - Whether offences allegedly committed by appellant had no extraterritorial application under s. 4 of Penal Code - Whether appellant could be extradited - Whether habeas corpus should be granted - Extra-Territorial Offences Act 1976, s. 2(1)
Amin Ravan v. Menteri Dalam Negeri & Ors
(Raus Sharif PCA, Richard Malanjum CJ (Sabah & Sarawak), Hasan Lah, Zainun Ali, Jeffrey Tan FCJJ) [2015] 8 CLJ 165 [FC]

PROFESSIONS

Medical practitioners - Negligence - Standard of care - Test to be applied - Misdiagnosis or failure to diagnose - Principles and tests to be applied - Whether tests are merely guidelines - Whether high threshold applicable - Whether evidential burden shifts to doctor once breach is established - Whether trial court bound by medical opinion - Whether trial judge erred in rejecting expert evidence in finding negligence - Whether breach of duty of care established
Dato' Dr V Thuraisingam & Anor v. Sanmarkan Ganapathy & Anor
(Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Badariah Sahamid, Prasad Sandosham Abraham JJCA) [2015] 8 CLJ 248 [CA]

TORT

Negligence - Professional negligence - Standard of care - Test to be applied - Consultant physicians failing to diagnose or misdiagnosing deceased's colon cancer - Whether test to be applied is Bolam test, Bolitho test, Rogers v. Whitaker test or Foo Fio Na test - Whether tests are merely guidelines only to arrive at just decision based on facts - Whether high threshold applicable - Whether evidential burden shifts to doctor once breach is established - Whether trial court bound by medical opinion - Whether trial judge erred in rejecting expert evidence in finding negligence - Whether breach of duty of care established
Dato' Dr V Thuraisingam & Anor v. Sanmarkan Ganapathy & Anor
(Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Badariah Sahamid, Prasad Sandosham Abraham JJCA) [2015] 8 CLJ 248 [CA]

Negligence - Standard of care - Medical negligence - Consultant physicians failing to diagnose or misdiagnosing deceased's colon cancer - Misdiagnosis or failure to diagnose - Whether tests are merely guidelines only to arrive at just decision based on facts - Whether high threshold applicable - Whether evidential burden shifts to doctor once breach is established - Whether trial court bound by medical opinion - Whether trial judge erred in rejecting expert evidence in finding negligence - Whether breach of duty of care established
Dato' Dr V Thuraisingam & Anor v. Sanmarkan Ganapathy & Anor
(Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Badariah Sahamid, Prasad Sandosham Abraham JJCA) [2015] 8 CLJ 248 [CA]


ARTICLES

LNS Article(s)

  1. ADEQUACY OF CONTRACTS ACT 1950 IN GOVERNING THE FORMATION OF E-CONTRACTS IN MALAYSIA: UNCITRAL MODEL LAW IN E-COMMERCE AS BENCHMARK [Read excerpt]
    NOORANEDA MUTALIP LAIDEY* [2015] 1 LNS(A) lxxxi

  2. [2015] 1 LNS(A) lxxxi
    logo
    MALAYSIA

    ADEQUACY OF CONTRACTS ACT 1950 IN GOVERNING THE FORMATION OF E-CONTRACTS IN MALAYSIA:
    UNCITRAL MODEL LAW IN E-COMMERCE AS BENCHMARK


    NOORANEDA MUTALIP LAIDEY*

    Abstract

    Under conventional Malaysian law, a binding contract arises when there is an offer, an acceptance of that offer, some payment (or "consideration") passing and an intention to create legal relations between parties having the capacity to do so. This does not change in cyberspace. Technological advancement has given rise to business owners and consumers using technology in their dealings and hence, the usage of the Internet as a medium to communicate and to form a legally binding contract is anticipated. This paper highlights the issues on formation of e-contracts in Malaysia. Electronic Commerce Act 2006 with United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce were analysed and the current protection available was examined. It is recommended that legislation should be technologically advanced and at the same time flexible to ensure a level of legal certainty in electronic transactions without the need to constantly update laws related to e-commerce activity as having a comprehensive law on e-commerce will ultimately benefit all parties especially the e-consumers.

    Keywords: Cyberspace, E-commerce, E-contracts, E-consumers

    . . .

    * Faculty of Business and Management, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation (APU), Technology Park Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Corresponding Author: aneda@apu. edu.my


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  3. WHERE THE COMMON LAW FEARS TO TREAD* [Read excerpt]
    LORD DYSON [2015] 1 LNS(A) lxxxii

  4. [2015] 1 LNS(A) lxxxii
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    UNITED KINGDOM

    WHERE THE COMMON LAW FEARS TO TREAD*

    LORD DYSON

    Between at least the early part of the 20th century and about 1990, it had been generally understood that there was no right of recovery in restitution of money paid pursuant to an ultra vires demand by a public authority. This state of the law was overturned by the House of Lords in the great case of Woolwich Building Society v. Inland Revenue Commissioners [1992] 3 WLR 366. One argument advanced against the recognition of such a principle was that to do so would overstep the boundary that we traditionally set for ourselves, separating the legitimate development of the law from legislation. As to this objection, Lord Goff said:

    "I feel bound however to say that, although I am well aware of the existence of the boundary, I am never quite sure where to find it. Its position seems to vary from case to case. Indeed, if it were to be as firmly and clearly drawn as some of our mentors would wish, I cannot help feeling that a number of leading cases in your Lordships' House would never have been decided the way they were. For example, the minority view would have prevailed in Donoghue v. Stevenson [1932] AC 562; our modern law of judicial review would have never developed from its old, ineffectual, origins; and Mareva injunctions would never have seen the light of day. Much seems to depend upon the circumstances of the particular case."

    . . .

    * Lord Dyson Master Of The Rolls, Annual Lecture For Alba 2012 (London, 6 November 2012). Published With Kind Permission Of the Judicial Communications Office, Judiciary of England and Wales (https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/ announcements/mr-speech-annual-lecture-06112012/).


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LEGISLATION HIGHLIGHTS

Principal Acts

Number Title In force from Repealing
ACT 771 Malaysian Aviation Commission Act 2015 Not Yet In Force -
ACT 770 Special Measures Against Terrorism In Foreign Countries Act 2015 15 June 2015 [PU(B) 250/2015] -
ACT 769 Prevention of Terrorism Act 2015 1 September 2015 [PU(B) 345/2015] -
ACT 768 Technologists and Technicians Act 2015 1 August 2015 [PU(B) 286/2015] -
ACT 767 Public Sector Home Financing Board Act 2015 1 July 2015 [PU(B) 265/2015] except Parts IV, V, VI and VIII; 24 August 2015 [PU(B) 335/2015] - Parts V and VI -

Amending Acts

Number Title In force from Principal/Amending Act No
ACT A1499 Capital Markets and Services (Amendment) Act 2015 15 September 2015 [PU(B) 369/2015] ACT 671
ACT A1498 Consumer Protection (Amendment) Act 2015 Not Yet In Force ACT 599
ACT A1497 Civil Aviation (Amendment) Act 2015 Not Yet In Force ACT 3
ACT A1496 Retirement Fund (Amendment) Act 2015 Not Yet In Force ACT 662
ACT A1495 Police (Amendment) Act 2015 Not Yet In Force ACT 344

PU(A)

Number Title Date of Publication In force from Principal/ Amending Act No
PU(A) 223/2015 National Registration (Amendment) Regulations 2015 6 October 2015 15 October 2015 PU(A) 472/1990
PU(A) 222/2015 National Library (Fees and Fines) (Amendment) Regulations 2015 2 October 2015 5 October 2015 PU(A) 295/1993
PU(A) 221/2015 Passport (Visa To Tourist From The People-s Republic of China) (Exemption) Order 2015 1 October 2015 1 October 2015 until 31 March 2016 ACT 150
PU(A) 220/2015 Customs Duties (Goods Under The Agreement Establishing The Asean-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area) (Amendment) Order 2015 30 September 2015 1 October 2015 PU(A) 378/2013
PU(A) 219/2015 Highway Authority Malaysia (Incorporation) (Collection of Toll) (East Cost Expressway-Phase 2) (Amendment) Order 2015 30 September 2015 1 October 2015 PU(A) 136/2015

PU(B)

Number Title Date of Publication In force from Principal/ Amending Act No
PU(B) 398/2015 Appointment of Date of Coming Into Operation 7 October 2015 15 October 2015 ACT 740
PU(B) 397/2015 Declaration of Vacations of The High Court In Malaya 6 October 2015 6 June 2016 to 17 June 2016 and 19 December 2016 to 30 December 2016 PU(A) 326/1985
PU(B) 396/2015 Appointment of Notary Public 5 October 2015 Specified in column (3) of the Schedule ACT 115
PU(B) 395/2015 Declaration of Commencement and Duration of Vacations of The Court of Appeal 5 October 2015 6 June 2016 to 17 June 2016 and 19 December 2016 to 30 December 2016 PU(A) 539/1994
PU(B) 394/2015 Reservation of Land For Public Purpose For Lot 80857 Mukim Batu 5 October 2015 6 October 2015 ACT 56/1965

Legislation Alert

Updated

Act/Principal No. Title Amended by In force from Section amended
PU(A) 136/2015 Highway Authority Malaysia (Incorporation) (Collection of Tolls) (East Coast Express Way-Phase 2) Order 2015 PU(A) 219/2015 1 October 2015 Paragraph 1; First Schedule
ACT 671 Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 PU(A) 212/2015 15 September 2015 Schedule 3
ACT 671 Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 ACT A1499 15 September 2015 [PU(B) 369/2015] Sections 2, 5, 7, 27, 30, Subdivision 5A of Division 2 of Part II, Subdivision 7 of Division 2 of Part II, 59A, 89, 92A, 94, 95, 139ZS, 160, 201, 216, 217, 218, 218A, 218B, 218C, 218D, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 248, 256, 256ZO, 256ZP, 273, 280A, 298, 319, 325, 354, 355, 356, 369, 371 and 379
ACT 498 Securities Commission Malaysia Act 1993 ACT A1489 15 September 2015 [PU(B) 368/2015] Sections 2, 2A, 2G, 4, 4A, 4B, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 18A, 20, 21, 22, 22A, 23, 24, 26, 29, 30, 31A, 31B, 31C, 31D, 31E, 31EA, 31L, 31N, 31O, 31P, 31Q, 31R, 31S, 31V, 31W, 31Y, 31Z, 31ZD, Part IIIB and IIIC, 126, 135, 148, 148A, 148B, 150, 150A, 151, 151A, 152A, 160, 160A and Schedule 1
ACT 537 Prison Act 1995 ACT A1486 1 September 2015 [PU(B) 346/2015] Section 7

Revoked

Act/Principal No. Title Revoked by In force from
PU(A) 479/2012 Capital Markets and Services (Prescription of Capital Market Product) (Islamic Capital Market Product) Order 2012 [Revoked By Act A1499] ACT A1499 15 September 2015 [PU(B) 369/2015]
PU(A) 478/2012 Capital Markets and Services (Prescription of Islamic Securities) Order 2012 [Revoked By Act A1499] ACT A1499 15 September 2015 [PU(B) 369/2015]
PU(B) 487/2014 Appointment and Revocation of Appointment of Registrar of Fishermen's Associations PU(B) 322/2015 Appointment - 18 May 2015; Revocation of Appointment - 4 April 2015
PU(A) 13/2015 Federal Roads (East Coast Expressway-Phase 2) Order 2015 PU(A) 157/2015 14 July 2015
PU(B) 319/1999 Designation of Immigration Depot PU(B) 249/2015 15 June 2015