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CLJ Bulletin, Issue 2015, Vol 47
20 November 2015


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Introduction:

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New This Week

1. Case(s) of the Week

  1. KETUA PENGARAH JABATAN HAL EHWAL ORANG ASLI & ANOR v. MOHAMAD NOHING (BATIN KAMPUNG BUKIT ROK) & ORS AND ANOTHER APPEAL [2015] 9 CLJ 309

  2. DALAM PERKARA INKUES TERHADAP KEMATIAN CHANDRAN PERUMAL; SI MATI [2015] 2 SMC 1

2. Latest Cases

  1. Legal Network Series

  2. CLJ 2015 Volume 9 (Part 3)

3. Articles

  1. LNS Article(s)

4. Legislation Highlights

  1. Principal Acts

  2. Amending Acts

  3. PU(A)

  4. PU(B)

  5. Legislation Alert


CASE(S) OF THE WEEK

KETUA PENGARAH JABATAN HAL EHWAL ORANG ASLI & ANOR v.
MOHAMAD NOHING (BATIN KAMPUNG BUKIT ROK) & ORS AND ANOTHER APPEAL
[2015] 9 CLJ 309
COURT OF APPEAL, PUTRAJAYA
MOHD ZAWAWI SALLEH JCA, VERNON ONG LAM KIAT JCA, ABDUL RAHMAN SEBLI JCA
[CIVIL APPEALS NO: C-01-45-02-2013 & C-01-85-03-2013]
13 OCTOBER 2015

LAND LAW: Customary land - Right to - Notice of eviction to Semelai aboriginal people - Whether Semelais were identifiable native aborigine group - Whether native customary rights extended to areas of lands used for hunting, roaming and foraging - Whether continuous occupation over disputed land shown - Whether there was sufficient measure of control to prevent strangers from interfering on land - Whether alienation legal

NATIVE LAW AND CUSTOM: Land dispute - Customary rights over land - Extinguishment of - Whether only by way of clear and unambiguous legislation - Whether gazetted Malay Reserve Land takes precedence over customary title - Whether Malay Reservations Enactment 1913 and Malay Reservations Enactment 1933 provide for Malay Reserve Land to take precedence over customary title - Whether Malay Reserve Land encroached upon customary land


DALAM PERKARA INKUES TERHADAP KEMATIAN CHANDRAN PERUMAL; SI MATI [2015] 2 SMC 1
MAHKAMAH KHAS KORONER, KUALA LUMPUR
AHMAD BACHE Kr
[INKUES NO: 65A-02-04-2014]
16 JANUARI 2015

PROSEDUR JENAYAH: Inkuiri Koroner - Inkues - Kematian semasa dalam tahanan polis - Punca kematian - Sama ada si mati mempunyai masalah tekanan darah tinggi - Sama ada si mati diberi ubat-ubatan semasa dalam tahanan - Sama ada si mati dihantar ke hospital untuk rawatan segera - Sama ada tandas dan tempat tidur disediakan dalam lokap - Sama ada persekitaran si mati mendorong kematiannya - Laporan pakar patologi - Sama ada si mati mengalami kecederaan sebelum kematiannya - Sama ada kematian si mati dapat dielakkan

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LATEST CASES

Legal Network Series

[2015] 1 LNS 98

PP lwn. IMRAN KHAN JAN GUL SHAH & SATU LAGI

KETERANGAN: Ekshibit - Penerimaan masuk - Ekshibit dikemukakan kepada pihak pembelaan selepas perbicaran kes bermula - Sama ada terdapat ketidakpatuhan s. 51A(1)(b) Kanun Tatacara Jenayah - Sama ada ekshibit-ekshibit yang telah dikemukakan kepada pihak pembelaan selepas perbicaraan kes bermula boleh diterima masuk sebagai keterangan - Kanun Tatacara Jenayah, s. 51A, 51A(1)(b), 51A(3), 51A(5)

UNDANG-UNDANG JENAYAH: Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952 - S. 39B(1)(a) - Pengedaran dadah - Dadah campuran jenis heroin 71930.0g dan monoacetylmorphines 8804.4g - Dadah dirampas dipremis dimana tertuduh ditangkap - Milikan dan jagaan - Sama ada tertuduh mempunyai kawalan dan jagaan sepenuhnya keatas bungkusan dadah yang dijumpai di premis dimana tertuduh ditangkap - Sama ada anggapan di bawah s. 37(d) Akta Dadah Berbahaya terpakai - Sama ada milikan dadah adalah untuk tujuan pengedaran

UNDANG-UNDANG JENAYAH: Niat bersama - Pengedaran - Pengedaran dadah berbahaya - Inferen dari fakta - Tertuduh-tertuduh amat berhampiran dengan dadah dan berupaya mengendalikan diri dengan dadah - Sama ada terdapat keterangan yang mencukupi untuk membuktikan kewujudan niat bersama untuk mengedarkan dadah

[2015] 1 LNS 121

HERN REE ENTERPRISE SDN BHD lwn. KUNG AH SING & YANG LAIN

UNDANG-UNDANG TANAH: Pencerobohan - Permohonan untuk milikan kosong - Cerobohan keatas tanah - Kebenaran atau penyewaan tuan tanah asal - Prinsip ekuiti - Sama ada terdapat pencerobohan keatas tanah - Sama ada terdapat kebenaran dan keizinan tuan tanah terdahulu - Sama ada prinsip ekuiti tamat setelah notis pengosongan dikeluarkan - Sama ada persetujuan pemberian pampasan secara ex-gratia boleh dianggap sebagai pengakuan pemohon pernah memberi kebenaran lesen menduduki kepada defendan

[2015] 1 LNS 252

COLLIERS INTERNATIONAL PROPERTY CONSULTANTS INC v. COLLIERS INTERNATIONAL PROPERTY CONSULTANTS SDN BHD

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: Infringement - Trade marks - Claim for ownership of trade mark - Usage of identical name and logo - Usage of name 'Collier' logo with word 'International' in Malaysia - Whether ownership of 'Colliers' name and logo belongs to plaintiff - Whether impugned registered marks distinctive of plaintiff - Whether defendant had used a mark identical and nearly resembling plaintiff's registered trademark - Whether defendant had infringed registered trade mark of plaintiff - Trade Marks Act 1976, s. 38(1)

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: Infringement - Defence - Common law first user - Allegation of non-sue of foreign marks in Malaysia - Application to expunge entry in register - Whether defendant had acquired common law first user of impugned name and logo in order to expunge plaintiff's trademark - Whether plaintiff had intention to abandoning its registered marks - Trade Marks Act 1976, s. 45, 46

LIMITATION: Accrual of cause of action - Tort of passing off - Infringement of trade mark - Defendant's continued act of infringement and passing off - Whether each act gives rise to a new cause of action - Whether plaintiff's action was time barred - Whether there was acquiescence on part of plaintiff

TORT: Passing off - Elements of passing off - Deception or confusion - Goodwill - Misrepresentation - Damage - Usage of name 'Collier' logo with word 'International' in Malaysia - Whether defendant's usage of impugned trademark likely to deceive or cause confusion - Whether there was remarkable similarity between plaintiff's trademark with defendant's trademark - Whether plaintiff was deprived of benefit of its goodwill in Malaysia and its exclusive right to use 'Collier' in Malaysia

[2015] 1 LNS 262

MEGA AMETHYST SDN BHD v. AP LAND DEVELOPMENT SDN BHD & ANOR

CIVIL PROCEDURE: Striking out - Writ and statement of claim - Plaintiff's claim against a party who has no contractual relationship - Imposition of obligation on third party - Whether plaintiff's claim sustainable - Whether plaintiff can pursue a claim against a party who has no contractual relationship with plaintiff

CIVIL PROCEDURE: Pleadings - Amendment - Writ and statement of claim - Introduction of new cause of action - Whether a claim can be saved by an amendment - Whether amendment if allowed could render a claim sustainable - Whether proposed amendments were tainted by bad faith - Whether proposed amendments sought could turn suit from one character into a suit of inconsistent character

CONTRACT: Privity - Exception - Agency or trust - Imposition of obligation on third parties - Whether doctrine of privity permits third party beneficiaries to enforce contracts made on their behalf - Whether doctrine of privity precludes parties to a contract from imposing liabilities on third parties - Whether doctrine of privity permit contracting party to enforce contractual terms against a third party who is not a party to a contract

[2015] 1 LNS 265

RAFAN HOLDINGS SDN BHD v. CHIP LAM SENG SDN BHD

COMPANY LAW: Winding up - Liquidators - Application for substitution of liquidator - Appointment of joint liquidator - Choice of majority creditors - Interest of wound up company - Whether cause shown to remove an existing liquidator and substitution of new liquidator - Whether substitution of liquidator was to protect interest of creditors and contributors - Whether choice of majority creditors matters - Whether interest of parties would be better served by appointment of qualified liquidator from an established firm

COMPANY LAW: Directors - Powers of directors - Powers of directors after winding up of company - Residuary powers - Right to affirm affidavit on behalf of wound up company in capacity of a director - Interest of justice - Whether board of directors retained residuary powers to inform and disclose to court of pertinent facts - Whether a director of a wound up company retains right to affirm affidavit on behalf of wound up company


CLJ 2015 Volume 9 (Part 3)

COURT

FEDERAL COURT

Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia v. Konsortium JGC Corporation & Ors (Sued As Incorporated Partnership)
(Building And Construction Law; Civil Procedure; Contract; Statutory Interpretation - Imposition of levy - Meaning of 'construction works') [2015] 9 CLJ 273 [FC]

COURT OF APPEAL

Kao Che Jen v. N Chanthiran Nagappan
(Company Law; Statutory Interpretation - Winding up - Liquidators - Construction of statutes - Section 232(1) of Companies Act 1965) [2015] 9 CLJ 295 [CA]

Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Hal Ehwal Ehwal Orang Asli & Anor v. Mohamad Nohing (Batin Kampung Bukit Rok) & Ors And Another Appeal
(Land Law; Native Law And Custom - Land dispute - Customary rights over land - Extinguishment of) [2015] 9 CLJ 309 [CA]

PP v. Gan Boon Aun
(Constitutional Law - Legislature - Whether s. 122(1) of Securities Industry Act 1983 in violation of art. 5(1) of Federal Constitution) [2015] 9 CLJ 328 [CA]

Sim Kiang Chiok v. Southeast Asia Special Asset Management Bhd
(Contract; Limitation - Breach - Limitation - Loan agreement secured by third party charge over land - Whether limitation had set in) [2015] 9 CLJ 344 [CA]

Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Bhd & Ors v. Nurullah Zawawi & Anor
(Tort - Defamation - Libel broadcast on television programme - Exemplary damages - Whether malice proved - Whether circumstances justifying exemplary or aggravated damages established) [2015] 9 CLJ 357 [CA]

HIGH COURT

How Hock Sing v. Lee Say Peng & Ors
(Civil Procedure - Action - Reinstatement - Challenge against decision of Deputy Registrar in dismissing action - Proper mode of challenging decision of Deputy Registrar) [2015] 9 CLJ 368 [HC]

PCM Bina Sdn Bhd & Ors lwn. Majlis Mesyuarat Kerajaan Negeri Selangor & Anor
(Undang-Undang Pentadbiran - Semakan kehakiman - Certiorari - Akta Perancangan Bandar dan Desa 1976, s. 36 - Sama ada prosedur dalam keputusan menyenarai hitam teratur) [2015] 9 CLJ 392 [HC]

SUBJECT INDEX

BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION LAW

Construction contracts - Levy - Imposition of levy - Whether excluded non-construction components of construction work and works performed offshore - Whether levy to be imposed upon whole contract price or only part of it - Meaning of 'construction works' - Whether to be construed as 'integral and preparatory work' - Whether contract price and obligations under lump sum turnkey contract was divisible or a single transaction for levy purposes - Construction Industry Development Board Act 1994, s. 34
Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia v. Konsortium JGC Corporation & Ors (Sued As Incorporated Partnership)
(Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin CJ (Malaya), Suriyadi Halim Omar, Hasan Lah, Abu Samah Nordin, Zaharah Ibrahim FCJJ) [2015] 9 CLJ 273 [FC]

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Action - Reinstatement - Challenge against decision of Deputy Registrar in dismissing plaintiff's action - Failure to comply with 'unless order' during case management - Mode of proceedings - Proper mode of challenging decision of Deputy Registrar - Rules of Court 2012, O. 34 r. 2(3) - Whether party aggrieved may seek to challenge dismissal only by way of appeal - Application to set aside dismissal of action - Whether proper mode of challenging decision - Whether appeal filed out of time and therefore defective - Whether there were positive efforts by plaintiff towards ensuring compliance with 'unless order' - Whether Deputy Registrar's decision a proper exercise of juridical discretion
How Hock Sing v. Lee Say Peng & Ors
(Mohd Nazlan Mohd Ghazali JC) [2015] 9 CLJ 368 [HC]

Pre-trial case management - Directions and orders - Failure to comply - Change of solicitors - Whether a delaying tactic for non-complying with 'unless order' - Whether outstanding documents to only be filed if mediation failed - Ability to comply with direction to file common bundle of documents - Whether within control of plaintiff - Repeated failures by plaintiff to comply with 'unless orders' - Whether defendants contributed to failure by plaintiff to comply - Whether there were positive efforts by plaintiff towards ensuring compliance with 'unless order' - Plaintiff's action dismissed for failure to comply with 'unless order' - Whether proper exercise of judicial discretion
How Hock Sing v. Lee Say Peng & Ors
(Mohd Nazlan Mohd Ghazali JC) [2015] 9 CLJ 368 [HC]

Proceedings - Mode of proceedings - Proper mode of challenging decision of Deputy Registrar in dismissing action under O. 34 r. 2(3) Rules of Court 2012 - Deputy Registrar dismissing plaintiff's action - Failure to comply with 'unless order' during case management - Whether party aggrieved may seek to challenge dismissal only by way of appeal - Rules of Court 2012, O. 56 - Whether plaintiff's application to set aside dismissal of action proper mode of challenging decision - Erroneous mode of challenging dismissal of action - Whether curable under O. 1A of Rules of Court 2012 - Whether appeal filed out of time and therefore defective
How Hock Sing v. Lee Say Peng & Ors
(Mohd Nazlan Mohd Ghazali JC) [2015] 9 CLJ 368 [HC]

Summary procedure - Preliminary issue of law - Necessary and material facts proved or admitted - Construction of provisions of Construction Industry Development Board Act 1994 and Construction Industry (Collection of Levy) Regulations 1996 - Interpretation to be given to contractual documents - Whether suitable for summary disposal - Rules of Court 2012, O. 14A
Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia v. Konsortium JGC Corporation & Ors (Sued As Incorporated Partnership)
(Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin CJ (Malaya), Suriyadi Halim Omar, Hasan Lah, Abu Samah Nordin, Zaharah Ibrahim FCJJ) [2015] 9 CLJ 273 [FC]

COMPANY LAW

Winding up - Liquidators - Allegations of acts of criminality by liquidator - Application for removal of court appointed liquidator - Whether prior leave of court should be obtained before application could be made - Companies Act 1965, s. 232(1)
Kao Che Jen v. N Chanthiran Nagappan
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Idrus Harun, Abdul Rahman Sebli JJCA) [2015] 9 CLJ 295 [CA]

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Fundamental liberties - Breach of - Constitutionality of provision - Alternative charge - Securities Industry Act 1983, ss. 122(1), 122B(a)(bb) - False statement to stock exchange - Whether calling of respondent to enter defence on alternative charge in breach of rule against double jeopardy - Principal charge and alternative charge not same offence as ingredients differed - Whether s.122(1) void for breaching arts. 5(1) and 8(1) of Federal Constitution - Whether s. 122(1) denied respondent right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty - Whether decision to charge vests in Attorney General according to art. 145(3) of Federal Constitution - Whether s. 122(1) violated doctrine of separation of powers - Whether High Court Judge erred in declaring s. 122(1) unconstitutional
PP v. Gan Boon Aun
(Mohtarudin Baki, Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Zakaria Sam JJCA) [2015] 9 CLJ 328 [CA]

Legislature - Constitutionality of - Declaration of unconstitutionality of written law - Whether s. 122(1) of Securities Industry Act 1983 ('SIA') in violation of art. 5(1) of Federal Constitution ('Constitution') - Whether s. 122(1) denied respondent right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty - Whether art. 5 of Constitution allows for deprivation of fundamental liberty if law so provides - Only two accused persons charged for offence and not other directors of company - Whether art. 122(1) contravened art. 8(1) of Constitution - Whether discretion to charge vests in Attorney General according to art. 145(3) of Constitution - Whether s. 122(1) violated doctrine of separation of powers - Whether calling of accused person to enter defence on alternative charge in breach of rule against double jeopardy - Principal charge and alternative charge not same offence as ingredients differed - Whether High Court Judge erred in declaring s. 122(1) unconstitutional
PP v. Gan Boon Aun
(Mohtarudin Baki, Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Zakaria Sam JJCA) [2015] 9 CLJ 328 [CA]

CONTRACT

Breach - Limitation - Loan agreement secured by third party charge over land - Defendant pledged to pay plaintiff monies and liabilities owing under facility in letter of guarantee and indemnity - Default in repayment of loan - Demand by bank for outstanding payment - Plaintiff claimed against defendant seven years later - Whether action to enforce payment of money charged over land or to enforce payment of money under letter of guarantee and indemnity - Whether item 95 or item 101 of Schedule to Sarawak Limitation Ordinance applicable - Whether limitation had set in
Sim Kiang Chiok v. Southeast Asia Special Asset Management Bhd
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Idrus Harun, Abdul Rahman Sebli JJCA) [2015] 9 CLJ 344 [CA]

Lump sum contract - Contract price - Contract price under lump sum turnkey contract - Whether divisible - Whether a single whole construction contract - Whether levy under s. 34 of Construction Industry Development Board Act 1994 to be imposed on whole contract price or only part of it
Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia v. Konsortium JGC Corporation & Ors (Sued As Incorporated Partnership)
(Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin CJ (Malaya), Suriyadi Halim Omar, Hasan Lah, Abu Samah Nordin, Zaharah Ibrahim FCJJ) [2015] 9 CLJ 273 [FC]

LAND LAW

Customary land - Right to - Notice of eviction to Semelai aboriginal people - Whether Semelais were identifiable native aborigine group - Whether native customary rights extended to areas of lands used for hunting, roaming and foraging - Whether continuous occupation over disputed land shown - Whether there was sufficient measure of control to prevent strangers from interfering on land - Whether alienation legal
Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Hal Ehwal Ehwal Orang Asli & Anor v. Mohamad Nohing (Batin Kampung Bukit Rok) & Ors And Another Appeal
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Abdul Rahman Sebli JJCA) [2015] 9 CLJ 309 [CA]

LIMITATION

Contract - Indemnity - Loan agreement secured by third party charge over land - Defendant pledged to pay plaintiff monies and liabilities owing under facility in letter of guarantee and indemnity - Default in repayment of loan - Demand by bank for outstanding payment - Claim for enforcement of payment under letter of guarantee and indemnity - Schedule to Sarawak Limitation Ordinance, item 94
Sim Kiang Chiok v. Southeast Asia Special Asset Management Bhd
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Idrus Harun, Abdul Rahman Sebli JJCA) [2015] 9 CLJ 344 [CA]

NATIVE LAW AND CUSTOM

Land dispute - Customary rights over land - Extinguishment of - Whether only by way of clear and unambiguous legislation - Whether gazetted Malay Reserve Land takes precedence over customary title - Whether Malay Reservations Enactment 1913 and Malay Reservations Enactment 1933 provide for Malay Reserve Land to take precedence over customary title - Whether Malay Reserve Land encroached upon customary land
Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Hal Ehwal Ehwal Orang Asli & Anor v. Mohamad Nohing (Batin Kampung Bukit Rok) & Ors And Another Appeal
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Abdul Rahman Sebli JJCA) [2015] 9 CLJ 309 [CA]

STATUTORY INTERPRETATION

Construction of statues - Intention of Parliament - Section 232(1) of Companies Act 1965 - Whether prior leave of court should be obtained before application for removal of court appointed liquidator
Kao Che Jen v. N Chanthiran Nagappan
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Idrus Harun, Abdul Rahman Sebli JJCA) [2015] 9 CLJ 295 [CA]

Construction of statutes - Rules of construction - Strict construction - Section 34 of Construction Industry Development Board Act 1994 - Imposition of levy under s. 34 - Whether excluded non-construction components of construction work and works performed offshore - Purposive interpretation - Ordinary meaning of words - Objective of statute - Interpretation Acts 1948 and 1967, s. 17A
Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia v. Konsortium JGC Corporation & Ors (Sued As Incorporated Partnership)
(Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin CJ (Malaya), Suriyadi Halim Omar, Hasan Lah, Abu Samah Nordin, Zaharah Ibrahim FCJJ) [2015] 9 CLJ 273 [FC]

TORT

Defamation - Libel - Damages - General rule - Whether damages assessed purely on compensatory basis - Amount of damages - Whether governed by circumstances of case - Whether amount awarded by trial judge fair and reasonable - Whether varied by appellate court
Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Bhd & Ors v. Nurullah Zawawi & Anor
(Zaharah Ibrahim, Azahar Mohamed, Mohamad Ariff Yusof JJCA) [2015] 9 CLJ 357 [CA]

Defamation - Libel - Libel broadcast on television programme - Exemplary damages - Rules in Rookes v. Barnard - Whether programme was scheme calculated to make profits for defendants - Whether malice proved - Whether circumstances justifying exemplary or aggravated damages established
Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Bhd & Ors v. Nurullah Zawawi & Anor
(Zaharah Ibrahim, Azahar Mohamed, Mohamad Ariff Yusof JJCA) [2015] 9 CLJ 357 [CA]

INDEKS PERKARA

UNDANG-UNDANG PENTADBIRAN

Semakan kehakiman - Permohonan - Certiorari - Kejadian tanah mendap di kawasan pembangunan - Responden-responden mengambil keputusan untuk menyenarai hitam pemohon-pemohon sehingga masalah tanah mendap selesai - Permohonan memansuhkan keputusan responden-responden - Sama ada keputusan responden-responden munasabah - Sama ada pemohon-pemohon sepatutnya membuat permohonan di bawah s. 36 Akta Perancangan Bandar dan Desa 1976 - Sama ada s. 9 Akta Kerajaan Tempatan 1976 terpakai - Sama ada prosedur yang diikuti oleh responden-responden dalam membuat keputusan menyenarai hitam pemohon-pemohon teratur
PCM Bina Sdn Bhd & Ors lwn. Majlis Mesyuarat Kerajaan Negeri Selangor & Anor
(Zakiah Kassim PK) [2015] 9 CLJ 392 [HC]


ARTICLES

LNS Article(s)

  1. CONTRACTUAL DUTIES AND LIABILITIES: GOVERNANCE FOR ISLAMIC EDUCATORS [Read excerpt]
    MOHAMED ISHAK ABDUL HAMID* And NIK AZAHANI NIK MOHAMMAD** [2015] 1 LNS(A) xcv

  2. [2015] 1 LNS(A) xcv
    logo
    MALAYSIA

    CONTRACTUAL DUTIES AND LIABILITIES: GOVERNANCE FOR ISLAMIC EDUCATORS

    MOHAMED ISHAK ABDUL HAMID*
    And
    NIK AZAHANI NIK MOHAMMAD**

    ABSTRACT

    Islam demands the seeking of knowledge by humanity as a religious obligation. Educators' tasks in disseminating knowledge, skills and values are viewed as a commandment. The aims and objectives of the Islamic Education is to create a good and righteous man who worships Allah (s.w.t.) and lives his earthly life guided by Shariah to serve his faith. The Islamic concept of man revolves around humankind as Allah's vicegerent on earth who is endowed with intelligence and knowledge. Thus, educators are regarded as trustees to educate humanity. These duties were upheld by the companions and Muslim scholars. Islam recognises the relationship between a worker and employer to that of equal partnership. The concept of civil liability in Islam is based upon the principle of indemnity against actual damage while the concept of vicarious liability is invalid. An educator who breaches his obligation towards his charges is liable personally. The concept of indemnity under Shariah is similar to that of the common law. In a contract of service, damages are measured according to actual loss suffered by the injured. Damages in Islam are similar to the principle of indemnity in equity. Actual loss is an important factor in assessing the right to damages. Exemplary damages as remedies may be awarded as deterrence to prevent future breach. This is the position both under English and Shariah law.

    Keywords: Shariah, Quran, hadith, education, contract, duties, liabilities, damages

    . . .

    * Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Multimedia University Malaysia, Ph.D (Law), M. Ed (Curriculum & Instruction), LL.B (Hons), International Islamic University Malaysia. B.A. (Hons), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Cert. Ed. (Merit/General), Cert. Developmental Guidance, Institute of Education, University of Singapore, Consultant, Trainer, Lead Assessor - Quality Management System (SIRIM- Malaysia, IATCA - Australia, IEMA - UK), Cert. Mediation (Australia), Mediator, Arbitrator, Adjudicator - KLRCA, MIArb, CIArb (UK).

    ** Educator and Vice-Principal, M. Ed (Curriculum & Instruction), Institute of Education, LL.B (Hons), LL.B (Shariah)(Hons), and Ph.D candidate at Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyah of Laws, International University Malaysia.


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  3. LIBERTIES, CUSTOMS AND THE FREE FLOW OF TRADE4th ANNUAL BRITISH IRISH COMMERCIAL LAW FORUM800 YEARS OF MAGNA CARTA - THE COMMERCIAL RULE OF LAW IN THE 21ST CENTURY* [Read excerpt]
    LORD DYSON MR [2015] 1 LNS(A) xciv

  4. [2015] 1 LNS(A) xciv
    logo
    UNITED KINGDOM

    LIBERTIES, CUSTOMS AND THE FREE FLOW OF TRADE
    4th ANNUAL BRITISH IRISH COMMERCIAL LAW FORUM
    800 YEARS OF MAGNA CARTA - THE COMMERCIAL RULE OF LAW IN THE 21ST CENTURY*


    LORD DYSON MR

    Magna Carta - Liberties, Customs and the Free Flow of Trade

    It is a real pleasure to have been asked to give the keynote address at this 4th annual British Irish Commercial Law Forum. Given its theme - Magna Carta - I am particularly delighted to have been invited to do so this year. I am, as you may know, chairman of the Magna Carta Trust; a position held by all Masters of the Rolls since the Trust was established in 1956. You can imagine that my term of office as chairman has been rather busier than that of my illustrious predecessors.[1]

    One of the aims of the Trust is to 'perpetuate the principles of Magna Carta'[2] Magna Carta is a curious hotch-potch of a document. Many of its provisions cannot by any stretch of the imagination be described as principles. They include detailed measures of an intensely practical nature which reflect the economic and social conditions of the early 13th century. Some of them were aimed at resolving grievances that King John's barons had at the time; grievances that were not only directed at him but were a reaction to Angevin rule.

    . . .

    * Lord Dyson MR, Dublin Dispute Resolution Centre (Ireland, 23 April 2015). Published with kind permission of the Judicial Communications Office, Judiciary of England and Wales (https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/ magna-carta-mr-dublin.pdf).


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LEGISLATION HIGHLIGHTS

Principal Acts

Number Title In force from Repealing
ACT 771 Malaysian Aviation Commission Act 2015 Not Yet In Force -
ACT 770 Special Measures Against Terrorism In Foreign Countries Act 2015 15 June 2015 [PU(B) 250/2015] -
ACT 769 Prevention of Terrorism Act 2015 1 September 2015 [PU(B) 345/2015] -
ACT 768 Technologists and Technicians Act 2015 1 August 2015 [PU(B) 286/2015] -
ACT 767 Public Sector Home Financing Board Act 2015 1 July 2015 [PU(B) 265/2015] except Parts IV, V, VI and VIII; 24 August 2015 [PU(B) 335/2015] - Parts V and VI -

Amending Acts

Number Title In force from Principal/Amending Act No
ACT A1501 Electricity Supply (Amendment) Act 2015 Not Yet In Force ACT 447
ACT A1500 Anti-Trafficking In Persons and Anti-Smuggling of Migrants (Amendment) Act 2015 18 November 2015 [PU(B) 460/2015] ACT 670
ACT A1499 Capital Markets and Services (Amendment) Act 2015 15 September 2015 [PU(B) 369/2015] ACT 671
ACT A1498 Consumer Protection (Amendment) Act 2015 Not Yet In Force ACT 599
ACT A1497 Civil Aviation (Amendment) Act 2015 Not Yet In Force ACT 3

PU(A)

Number Title Date of Publication In force from Principal/ Amending Act No
PU(A) 268/2015 Customs (Amendment) (No. 3) Regulations 2015 16 November 2015 17 November 2015 PU(A) 162/1977
PU(A) 267/2015 Federal Roads (West Malaysia) (Amendment) (No. 6) Order 2015 12 November 2015 15 November 2015 PU(A) 401/1989
PU(A) 266/2015 RRIM-Consult Corporation (Winding Up and Dissolution) Order 2015 11 November 2015 15 November 2015 ACT 551
PU(A) 265/2015 Malaysian Airline System Berhad (Administration) (Vesting Date) Order 2015 6 November 2015 1 September 2015 ACT 765
PU(A) 264/2015 Small Estates (Distribution) (Amendment) Regulations 2015 6 November 2015 1 January 2016 LN 495/1955

PU(B)

Number Title Date of Publication In force from Principal/ Amending Act No
PU(B) 461/2015 Notice of Proposed Revocation of Reservation of Land For Public Purpose 18 November 2015 23 November 2015 ACT 56/1965
PU(B) 460/2015 Appointment of Date of Coming Into Operation 18 November 2015 18 November 2015 ACT A1500
PU(B) 459/2015 Ratification Under Section 7 18 November 2015 15 April 1966 ACT 358
PU(B) 458/2015 Exemption From Paragraphs 5(1)(a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) 13 November 2015 8 November 2015 to 15 November 2015 ACT 206
PU(B) 457/2015 Exemption From Subsection 3(2) 13 November 2015 8 November 2015 to 15 November 2015 ACT 206

Legislation Alert

Updated

Act/Principal No. Title Amended by In force from Section amended
ACT 670 Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti-Smuggling of Migrants Act 2007 ACT A1500 18 November 2015 [PU(B) 460/2015] Sections 2, 5A, 5B, 5C, 6, 7, 11, 42, 43, 44, 51, 51A, 52, 54, 65A, 66, 66A, and 66B
ACT 588 Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 PU(B) 448/2015 5 November 2015 Section 6 and 13
PU(A) 157/2004 Federal Roads (Private Management) (Collection of Tolls) (New Pantai Highway) Order 2004 PU(A) 240/2015 15 October 2015 First Schedule
ACT 291 Patents Act 1983 PU(B) 443/2015 3 November 2015 Section 13
PU(A) 350/2012 Excise Duties Order 2012 PU(A) 258/2015 3 November 2015 Schedule

Revoked

Act/Principal No. Title Revoked by In force from
PU(A) 390/2001 Malaysian Rubber Board (Establishment of Corporation) (RRIM-Consult Corporation) Order 2001 PU(A) 266/2015 15 November 2015
PU(A) 436/2011 Statutory Bodies (Discipline and Surcharge) (Amendment of Second Schedule) Order 2011 PU(A) 253/2015 1 July 2015
PU(A) 479/2012 Capital Markets and Services (Prescription of Capital Market Product) (Islamic Capital Market Product) Order 2012 ACT A1499 15 September 2015 [PU(B) 369/2015]
PU(A) 478/2012 Capital Markets and Services (Prescription of Islamic Securities) Order 2012 [Revoked By Act A1499] ACT A1499 15 September 2015 [PU(B) 369/2015]
PU(B) 487/2014 Appointment and Revocation of Appointment of Registrar of Fishermen's Associations PU(B) 322/2015 Appointment - 18 May 2015; Revocation of Appointment - 4 April 2015