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VIRAN NAGAPAN v. DEEPA SUBRAMANIAM & OTHER APPEALS [2016] 3 CLJ 505
FEDERAL COURT, PUTRAJAYA
MD RAUS SHARIF PCA, ZULKEFLI AHMAD MAKINUDIN CJ (MALAYA),
ABDULL HAMID EMBONG FCJ, SURIYADI HALIM OMAR FCJ, AZAHAR MOHAMED FCJ
[CIVIL APPEALS NO: 02(f)-5-01-2015, 02(f)-6-01-2015 & 02(f)-4-01-2015(N)]
10 FEBRUARY 2016

FAMILY LAW: Children - Custody - Custody order - Principles - Whether could never be final or irreversible - Paramount considerations - Whether that of welfare of child - Child of seven years and above - Presumption - Whether capable of giving independent opinion - Wishes of parent(s)

FAMILY LAW: Children - Custody - Conversion of one parent to Islam - Conflicting custody orders granted by civil and Syariah courts - Validity of orders - Whether both orders binding and enforceable at law - Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976 s. 51 - Islamic Family Law (Negeri Sembilan) Enactment 2003, s. 46(2)

FAMILY LAW: Children - Custody - Recovery order - Conversion of one parent to Islam - Child taken away by converting parent from custody of the other parent - Conflicting custody orders granted by civil and Syariah courts - Whether civil court could grant recovery order in face of earlier custody order by Syariah court - Whether civil court could order Inspector General of Police to execute recovery order against converting parent - Child Act 2001 ss. 52, 53 - Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976, s. 51 - Islamic Family Law (Negeri Sembilan) Enactment 2003, s. 46(2)

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: Courts - Jurisdiction - Syariah and civil courts - Custody of children - Civil marriage - Conversion of one parent to Islam - Jurisdiction to dissolve marriage, grant custody order and ancillary orders - Whether remained with civil courts - Whether dispute not one within exclusive jurisdiction of Syariah courts - Federal Constitution art. 121(1A) - Child Act 2001, ss. 52, 53 - Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976 s. 51 - Islamic Family Law (Negeri Sembilan) Enactment 2003, s. 46(2)

WORDS & PHRASES: "lawful custody of a child" - Child Act 2001, s. 53

MARGAREAT SUNDARAM lwn. TAHIR RAWI & SATU LAGI [2016] 1 SMC 45
MAHKAMAH SESYEN, MELAKA
JAMALUDIN MAT HS
[GUAMAN SIVIL NO: A53KJ-162-06-2014-S2]
11 MEI 2015

UNDANG-UNDANG BURUH: Pekerjaan - Kecuaian pemandu - Kemalangan jalan raya - Kemalangan melibatkan kenderaan bermotor yang dipandu oleh pekerja defendan kedua - Tuntutan terhadap majikan dan rakan sekerja - Permohonan untuk membatalkan tuntutan plaintif - Sama ada kemalangan berlaku di luar masa pekerjaan plaintif - Sama ada kemalangan berlaku di atas jalan raya - Sama ada tuntutan plaintif dihalang oleh s. 31 Akta Keselamatan Sosial Pekerja 1969 - Sama ada pengecualian di bawah s. 31 terpakai - Sama ada persoalan yang dibangkitkan sesuai untuk diputuskan melalui keterangan saksi-saksi - Akta Pengangkutan Jalan 1987, s. 2 - Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd v. Govindarajan Alagar

TORT: Kecuaian - Kemalangan jalan raya - Kemalangan melibatkan kenderaan bermotor yang dipandu oleh pekerja defendan kedua - Tuntutan terhadap majikan dan rakan sekerja - Permohonan untuk membatalkan tuntutan plaintif - Sama ada kemalangan berlaku di luar masa pekerjaan plaintif - Sama ada kemalangan berlaku di atas jalan raya - Sama ada tuntutan plaintif dihalang oleh s. 31 Akta Keselamatan Sosial Pekerja 1969 - Sama ada pengecualian di bawah s. 31 terpakai - Sama ada persoalan yang dibangkitkan sesuai untuk diputuskan melalui keterangan saksi-saksi - Akta Pengangkutan Jalan 1987, s. 2 - Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd v. Govindarajan Alagar

PROSEDUR SIVIL: Pembatalan - Writ saman dan pernyataan tuntutan - Persoalan yang dibangkitkan - Sama ada sesuai diputuskan melalui keterangan saksi-saksi

Legal Network Series

CLJ 2016 Volume 3 (Part 4)

FEDERAL COURT

Viran Nagapan v. Deepa Subramaniam & Other Appeals
Md Raus Sharif PCA, Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin CJ (Malaya), Abdull Hamid Embong, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Azahar Mohamed FCJJ
(Family Law; Constitutional Law; Words & Phrases - Conversion of one parent to Islam - Conflicting custody orders granted by civil and Syariah courts) [2016] 3 CLJ 505 [FC]

COURT OF APPEAL

Lim Hooi Teik v. Lee Lai Cheng (As Next Of Kin To Lee Chee Zheng And On Her Behalf)
Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahim, Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat JJCA
(Civil Procedure; Words & Phrases - Summary disposal of order - Whether court had discretion to dispose case without full trial) [2016] 3 CLJ 529 [CA]

PP v. Azizol Aisha
Zakaria Sam, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Abdul Rahman Sebli JJCA
(Criminal Procedure - Mitigation - Plea of guilty - Whether plea bargaining warranted lenient sentence) [2016] 3 CLJ 536 [CA]

Public Bank Bhd v. Tetuan Kumar Jaspal Quah & Aishah
Lim Yee Lan, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid, Idrus Harun JJCA
(Banking - Forged cheque - Whether customer knowingly or negligently contributed to forgery - Whether bank protected) [2016] 3 CLJ 548 [CA]

Sharifuddin Mohamed & Anor v. Dato' Annas Khatib Jaafar & Another Appeal
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Zamani A Rahim JJCA, Zaleha Yusof J
(Tort - Defamation - Whether defences of qualified, absolute and Reynolds privilege applied) [2016] 3 CLJ 574 [CA]

Superintendent Of Lands & Surveys Samarahan Division v. Surianto Abdul Hamid & Anor
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Ahmadi Asnawi, Idrus Harun JJCA
(Land Law - Acquisition of land - Dispute on calculation of compensation) [2016] 3 CLJ 591 [CA]

HIGH COURT

Badrol Hisham Othman v. PP
Mohamad Shariff Abu Samah JC
(Constitutional Law; Criminal Procedure - Attorney General - Powers to institute, conduct or discontinue proceedings - Complainant withdrew police report - Whether accused ought to be discharged and acquitted) [2016] 3 CLJ 616 [HC]

Pinsia Development Sdn Bhd lwn. Hj Abdul Hadi Ahmad & Yang Lain
Abu Bakar Katar PK
(Prosedur Sivil; Tort; Undang-undang Tanah - Pentaksiran ganti rugi - Kecuaian - Kegagalan Pentadbir Tanah mendaftarkan kaveat) [2016] 3 CLJ 625 [HC]

Re Khondker Yarad Ahmed; Ex p MIDF Amanah Ventures Sdn Bhd
Wong Kian Kheong JC
(Bankruptcy - Notice - Judgment in default - Scheme to compromise debts) [2016] 3 CLJ 637 [HC]

SUBJECT INDEX

BANKING

Banker and customer - Duty of customer - Forged cheque - Honouring of - Whether bank correctly debited sums from customer's account - Whether customer knowingly or negligently contributed to forgery - Whether cheques honoured in good faith - Whether bank protected - Bills of Exchange Act 1949, s. 73A
Public Bank Bhd v. Tetuan Kumar Jaspal Quah & Aishah
(Lim Yee Lan, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid, Idrus Harun JJCA) [2016] 3 CLJ 548 [CA]

Cheques - Forgery - Honouring of - Duty of customer - Whether customer knowingly or negligently contributed to forgery - Whether cheques honoured in good faith - Whether bank protected - Bills of Exchange Act 1949, s. 73A
Public Bank Bhd v. Tetuan Kumar Jaspal Quah & Aishah
(Lim Yee Lan, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid, Idrus Harun JJCA) [2016] 3 CLJ 548 [CA]

BANKRUPTCY

Notice - Judgment in default - Judgment creditor ('JC') obtained judgment in default of appearance against judgment debtor ('JD') - Judgment sum based on guarantee executed by JD for JC regarding debts owed by company to JC - Proposed scheme to compromise company's debts - JC was creditor of company in compromise scheme and applied for bankruptcy notice against JD - Whether bankruptcy notice was abuse of court process and should be set aside - Whether JD had counterclaim against JC - Whether compromise scheme approved by another High Court could extinguish judgment debt of JD - Companies Act 1965, s. 176(1)
Re Khondker Yarad Ahmed; Ex p MIDF Amanah Ventures Sdn Bhd
(Wong Kian Kheong JC) [2016] 3 CLJ 637 [HC]

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Summary disposal of order - Rules of Court 2012, O. 14A - Disposal of case on point of law - Defendant ordered to undergo DNA test to determine paternity of minor - Plaintiff's claim of having intimate relationship with defendant - Whether proved - Whether prima facie case had been made out - Whether High Court Judge exercised discretion before proceeding to determine questions of law - Whether appropriate case for disposal of action without full trial
Lim Hooi Teik v. Lee Lai Cheng (As Next Of Kin To Lee Chee Zheng And On Her Behalf)
(Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahim, Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat JJCA) [2016] 3 CLJ 529 [CA]

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Attorney General - Powers and prerogatives - Constitutional powers of Attorney General - Powers to institute, conduct or discontinue proceedings - Whether Public Prosecutor had control and direction of all criminal prosecution and proceedings - Criminal Procedure Code, s. 376 - Federal Constitution, art. 145(3)
Badrol Hisham Othman v. PP
(Mohamad Shariff Abu Samah JC) [2016] 3 CLJ 616 [HC]

Courts - Jurisdiction - Syariah and civil courts - Custody of children - Civil marriage - Conversion of one parent to Islam - Jurisdiction to dissolve marriage, grant custody order and ancillary orders - Whether remained with civil courts - Whether dispute not one within exclusive jurisdiction of Syariah courts - Federal Constitution art. 121(1A) - Child Act 2001, ss. 52, 53 - Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976 s. 51 - Islamic Family Law (Negeri Sembilan) Enactment 2003, s. 46(2)
Viran Nagapan v. Deepa Subramaniam & Other Appeals
(Md Raus Sharif PCA, Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin CJ (Malaya), Abdull Hamid Embong, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Azahar Mohamed FCJJ) [2016] 3 CLJ 505 [FC]

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Acquittal or discharge - Discharge not amounting to acquittal - Appeal - Accused charged with enticing married woman for illicit intercourse - Penal Code, s. 498 - Complainant withdrew police report - Whether withdrawal of police report constituted disinterest in pursuing matter - Whether prosecution could proceed with trial without complainant's evidence - Order of discharge not amounting to acquittal - Whether appropriate - Whether accused ought to be discharged and acquitted - Criminal Procedure Code,
s. 254
Badrol Hisham Othman v. PP
(Mohamad Shariff Abu Samah JC) [2016] 3 CLJ 616 [HC]

Mitigation - Plea of guilty - Accused initially charged for murder but proffered alternative charge for culpable homicide - Accused pleaded guilty to alternative charge and appealed for reduction of period of imprisonment - Accused sentenced to ten years imprisonment - Whether guilty plea entitled accused to discount in sentence - Whether plea bargaining warranted lenient sentence - Whether plea bargaining in respect of charge or sentence - Penal Code, ss. 302 & 304(a) - Criminal Procedure Code, s. 172C
PP v. Azizol Aisha
(Zakaria Sam, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Abdul Rahman Sebli JJCA) [2016] 3 CLJ 536 [CA]

FAMILY LAW

Children - Custody - Conversion of one parent to Islam - Conflicting custody orders granted by civil and Syariah courts - Validity of orders - Whether both orders binding and enforceable at law - Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976 s. 51 - Islamic Family Law (Negeri Sembilan) Enactment 2003, s. 46(2)
Viran Nagapan v. Deepa Subramaniam & Other Appeals
(Md Raus Sharif PCA, Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin CJ (Malaya), Abdull Hamid Embong, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Azahar Mohamed FCJJ) [2016] 3 CLJ 505 [FC]

Children - Custody - Custody order - Principles - Whether could never be final or irreversible - Paramount considerations - Whether that of welfare of child - Child of seven years and above - Presumption - Whether capable of giving independent opinion - Wishes of parent(s)
Viran Nagapan v. Deepa Subramaniam & Other Appeals
(Md Raus Sharif PCA, Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin CJ (Malaya), Abdull Hamid Embong, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Azahar Mohamed FCJJ) [2016] 3 CLJ 505 [FC]

Children - Custody - Recovery order - Conversion of one parent to Islam - Child taken away by converting parent from custody of the other parent - Conflicting custody orders granted by civil and Syariah courts - Whether civil court could grant recovery order in face of earlier custody order by Syariah court - Whether civil court could order Inspector General of Police to execute recovery order against converting parent - Child Act 2001 ss. 52, 53 - Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976, s. 51 - Islamic Family Law (Negeri Sembilan) Enactment 2003, s. 46(2)
Viran Nagapan v. Deepa Subramaniam & Other Appeals
(Md Raus Sharif PCA, Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin CJ (Malaya), Abdull Hamid Embong, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Azahar Mohamed FCJJ) [2016] 3 CLJ 505 [FC]

LAND LAW

Acquisition of land - Compensation - Award - Dispute on calculation of compensation - Determination of market value of lands - Whether to take into consideration market value as at date of publication of notification in s. 47 of Sarawak Land Code (Cap 81) ('Land Code') or date of inquiry under s. 51 - Requirement of s. 60(1) of Land Code - Whether there was delay in holding inquiry - Whether art. 13 of Federal Constitution applicable - Whether s. 60(3) of Land Code could apply retrospectively to assess market value of Native Land Area - Sarawak Interpretation Ordinance 2005 (Cap 61), s. 3(14)
Superintendent Of Lands & Surveys Samarahan Division v. Surianto Abdul Hamid & Anor
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Ahmadi Asnawi, Idrus Harun JJCA) [2016] 3 CLJ 591 [CA]

TORT

Defamation - Libel - Article published in newspaper - Investigation on awarding of construction contract by management - Article regurgitated contents of Anti-Corruption Agency report - Whether article mentioned specific names - Whether 'management' referred to plaintiff - Whether words complained of defamatory - Failure to comply with requirements of O. 78 r. 3(3) of Rules of Court 2012 - Whether respondent prevented from raising evidence of express malice - Whether defences of qualified and absolute privilege applied - Whether publisher entitled to protection under Reynolds privilege - Whether report and its republication had absolute privilege status
Sharifuddin Mohamed & Anor v. Dato' Annas Khatib Jaafar & Another Appeal
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Zamani A Rahim JJCA, Zaleha Yusof J) [2016] 3 CLJ 574 [CA]

WORDS & PHRASES

'lawful custody of a child' - Child Act 2001, s. 53
Viran Nagapan v. Deepa Subramaniam & Other Appeals
(Md Raus Sharif PCA, Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin CJ (Malaya), Abdull Hamid Embong, Suriyadi Halim Omar, Azahar Mohamed FCJJ) [2016] 3 CLJ 505 [FC]

'may' - Rules of Court 2012, O. 14A - Implication of - Whether court had discretion to dispose case without full trial
Lim Hooi Teik v. Lee Lai Cheng (As Next Of Kin To Lee Chee Zheng And On Her Behalf)
(Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahim, Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat JJCA) [2016] 3 CLJ 529 [CA]

INDEKS PERKARA

PROSEDUR SIVIL

Ganti rugi - Pentaksiran ganti rugi - Sama ada bercanggah dengan keputusan sebelumnya - Keputusan tidak dirayu - Sama ada keputusan sebelumnya kekal dan muktamad
Pinsia Development Sdn Bhd lwn. Hj Abdul Hadi Ahmad & Yang Lain
(Abu Bakar Katar PK) [2016] 3 CLJ 625 [HC]

TORT

Kecuaian - Ganti rugi - Kegagalan Pentadbir Tanah mendaftarkan kaveat - Tanah dijual kepada pihak ketiga akibat kecuaian Pentadbir Tanah - Taksiran ganti rugi - Sama ada disandarkan kepada nilai tanah atau kerugian sebenar - Sama ada memenuhi ujian 'Caparo' iaitu keramalan, kerapatan, keadilan dan kemunasabahan atau polisi awam - Sama ada tuntutan kerugian ekonomi tulen wajar dibenarkan
Pinsia Development Sdn Bhd lwn. Hj Abdul Hadi Ahmad & Yang Lain
(Abu Bakar Katar PK) [2016] 3 CLJ 625 [HC]

UNDANG-UNDANG TANAH

Kaveat - Kaveat persendirian - Kegagalan Pentadbir Tanah mendaftarkan kaveat - Tanah dijual kepada pihak ketiga - Taksiran ganti rugi - Sama ada disandarkan kepada nilai tanah atau kerugian sebenar dialami perayu - Kanun Tanah Negara, s. 324
Pinsia Development Sdn Bhd lwn. Hj Abdul Hadi Ahmad & Yang Lain
(Abu Bakar Katar PK) [2016] 3 CLJ 625 [HC]

LNS Article(s)

1. EXCHANGES OF INFORMATION BETWEEN COMPETITORS â?" CAN COMPETITORS EVER TALK TO ONE ANOTHER?* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   KALA ANANDARAJAH** [2016] 1 LNS(A) xxxv

[2016] 1 LNS(A) xxxv



SINGAPORE

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EXCHANGES OF INFORMATION BETWEEN COMPETITORS â?"
CAN COMPETITORS EVER TALK TO ONE ANOTHER?*

KALA ANANDARAJAH**

Overview

It is not unusual for competitors to exchange information, whether directly or under the aegis of a trade association or even, through a third party. The information exchange tends to typically be for gathering of business information, such as volumes expected in the market, potential target pricing to be released, details about offices opening and the like. Occasionally, however, the information exchange could relate to technical standards and business improvements. Yet, the fact of such information exchange which is commercially sensitive may put competitors at risks of being found in violation of competition laws. In fact, in its "Guidelines on the Section 34 prohibition" ("Guidelines"), the Competition Commission of Singapore ("CCS") highlights the sharing of information between competitors as a potential anti-competitive agreement under the Act, since "the exchange of information may have an appreciable effect on competition, where it serves to reduce or remove uncertainties inherent in the process of competition". To this end, there have been several instances where the CCS has found as a fact that the exchange of information resulted in an appreciable adverse effect in the market. Indeed, in one recent decision, the CCS said that "[p]articipation in unlawful price discussions is a serious infringement".

. . .

* This article was originally published in the (December/2012) issue of the Singapore Law Gazette (www.lawgazette.com.sg), the official publication of the Law Society of Singapore, published by LexisNexis. Reproduced with permission.

** Rajah & Tann LLP. E-mail: kala.anandarajah@rajahtann.com.

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2. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPETITION LAW* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   WEN-LY CHIN [2016] 1 LNS(A) xxxvi

[2016] 1 LNS(A) xxxvi



MALAYSIA

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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPETITION LAW*

WEN-LY CHIN

IN THIS ARTICLE, WEN-LY CHIN HIGHLIGHTS THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPETITION LAW IN MALAYSIA

The Malaysian Competition Commission ("MyCC") undertook a large number of investigations under Section 17 of the Competition Act 2010 ("CA") in 2014, and there seems to be quite a number of investigations pending this year. Since the coming into force of the CA in 2012, the MyCC has closed, or concluded, as the case may be, investigations into several cases, resulting in settlements by way of undertakings given by some of the investigated enterprises and some findings of infringement under Section 40 of the CA.

. . .

* Published with kind permission of M/s Shearn Delamore & Co.

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CLJ Article(s)

1. THE MULTIPLIER FOR PERMANENT FUTURE NURSING CARE: THE PRACTICE DILEMMA ^{[Read excerpt]}
   MOHD FUAD HUSAINI*, TING KONG HOCK** [2016] 3 CLJ vii

[2016] 3 CLJ vii



MALAYSIA

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THE MULTIPLIER FOR PERMANENT FUTURE NURSING CARE:
THE PRACTICE DILEMMA

MOHD FUAD HUSAINI* TING KONG HOCK**

Abstract

Damages under the law of tort as applied in Malaysia is based on corrective compensation scheme under the principle of restitutio in integrum. The principle lays that the purpose of damage is to restore the plaintiff to its original position as if the tort had not been committed. Whilst this principle lays no obvious problem in its implementation, however, in the realm of calculating damages for future losses, the courts have adopted assortment of calculations and assessment. The dependency and future loss of earnings have somewhat been regulated by statutory provisions in the form of ss. 7(3) and 28A(2)(c) of the Civil Law Act 1956 respectively. However, other future losses such as permanent future nursing care has been left in vain to the extent the courts seem to have recognised five distinct multiplier for calculating permanent future nursing care which bears contrasting results. This paper contemplates the correct approach in assessing future loss claims in respect of nursing care.

. . .

* Senior Lecturer and former Dean, Faculty of Law and International Relations, University Sultan Zainal Abidin. Previously he was a practising advocate and solicitor of the High Court of Malaya.
** Senior Advocate & Solicitor of the High Court of Malaya and Senior Partner of Messrs Othman Hashim & Co.

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