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Issue #13/2018 29 March 2018

New This Week Case(s) of the Week DR HARI KRISHNAN & ANOR v. MEGAT NOOR ISHAK MEGAT IBRAHIM & ANOR AND ANOTHER APPEAL [2018] 3 CLJ 427 SYARIFAH NOORAFFYZZA WAN HOSEN v. DIRECTOR OF JABATAN AGAMA ISLAM SARAWAK & ORS [2018] 3 CLJ 620 Appeal Update Appeal Update Latest Cases Legal Network Series CLJ 2018 Volume 3 (Part 4) CLJ 2018 Volume 3 (Part 5) Articles LNS Article(s) Legislation Highlights Principal Acts Amending Acts PU(A) PU(B) Legislation Alert

DR HARI KRISHNAN & ANOR v.
MEGAT NOOR ISHAK MEGAT IBRAHIM & ANOR AND ANOTHER APPEAL [2018] 3 CLJ 427
FEDERAL COURT, PUTRAJAYA
MD RAUS SHARIF CJ, AHMAD MAAROP CJ (MALAYA), ZAINUN ALI FCJ, ABU SAMAH NORDIN FCJ, RAMLY ALI FCJ
[CIVIL APPEALS NO: 02-21-03-2015(W) & 02-26-04-2015(W)]
14 DECEMBER 2017

TORT: Negligence – Medical negligence – Patient underwent retinal detachment operation – Complications during operation caused extensive haemorrhage to patient’s right eye – Medical report confirmed permanent blindness in right eye – Whether injuries and loss of vision caused by negligence of doctor, anaesthetist and hospital – Standard of care in medical negligence – Whether Bolam test or test in Rogers v. Whitaker applicable – Whether breach of duty by doctors to explain risks specifically – Whether patient deprived of chance to make informed decision – Whether doctor negligent in choice of procedure in treating patient – Anaesthetist failed to keep plaintiff anaesthetised completely – Whether doctors failed in care and management of patient – Liability of doctors – Claim for damages – Whether aggravated damages could be awarded as separate head of damages in tort

TORT: Negligence – Medical negligence – Patient underwent retinal detachment operation – Complications arose during operation causing extensive haemorrhage to patient’s right eye – Medical report confirmed permanent blindness in right eye – Whether injuries and loss of vision caused by negligence of doctor, anaesthetist and hospital – Whether private hospitals having contracted with doctors to work as independent contractors can be held vicariously liable for negligence of doctors – Whether patient dependent on hospital for facilities and services – Whether hospital assumed positive duty to plaintiff to ensure provision of anaesthetic services – Whether anaesthetist negligent in performance of duty – Principles in Woodland v. Essex County Council – Whether applied – Whether hospital owed a nondelegable duty to patient

CIVIL PROCEDURE: Judgments and orders – Appeal – Preliminary objections – Non-speaking judgment of High Court – Written judgment of Court of Appeal issued by single judge as two other judges on panel retired – Whether Court of Appeal judgment delivered orally in open court and in presence of all three judges – Whether requirements of s. 38 of Courts of Judicature Act 1964 met – Whether retrial or rehearing warranted

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SYARIFAH NOORAFFYZZA WAN HOSEN v.
DIRECTOR OF JABATAN AGAMA ISLAM SARAWAK & ORS [2018] 3 CLJ 620
COURT OF APPEAL, SARAWAK
MOHD ZAWAWI SALLEH JCA, VERNON ONG LAM KIAT JCA, AB KARIM AB JALIL JCA
[CIVIL APPEAL NO: Q-01(A)-45-02-2015]
07 JULY 2017

ISLAMIC LAW: Syariah Court – Jurisdiction – Jurisdiction to hear apostasy matters – Whether civil court seized with jurisdiction to hear apostasy matters – Whether jurisdiction lies exclusively with Syariah Court – Absence of provisions on apostasy in State Enactment – Whether jurisdiction could be implied – Federal Constitution, art. 121(1A)

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: Federal Constitution – Article 121(1A) – Jurisdiction – Apostasy – Whether civil court seized with jurisdiction to hear apostasy matters – Whether jurisdiction lies exclusively with Syariah Court

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1. Ganesh Arunasalam lwn PP [2017] 1 LNS 1279 (CA) overruling the High Court case of Ganesh Arunasalam lwn PP [Trial No. 45A-101-10/2014]

2. PP v. Sasi Kumar Asi Naidu & Another Appeal [2017] 1 LNS 317 (CA) affirming the High Court case of Sasi Kumar Asi Naidu v PP [Criminal Trial No. 45A-168-08/2013]

3. CKH Engineering Sdn Bhd v. Lim Beng Kit [2017] 1 LNS 286 (CA) overruling in part the High Court case of Lim Beng Kit v. CKH Engineering Sdn Bhd [Civil Suit No. 22NCVC-323-12/2013]

4. Muhammad Razzaq Bashir Ahmed v. PP [2017] 1 LNS 1802 (CA) affirming the High Court case of PP v. Muhammad Razzaq Bashir Ahmed [Criminal Trial No. 45A-30-04-2014]

Legal Network Series

[2017] 1 LNS 859	ABDUL MALIK SAID OMAR & ANOR v. SRI KEHUMA SDN BHD	CIVIL PROCEDURE: Parties - Locus standi - Action filed by plaintiff in capacity as administrator of estate of a Muslim person - Estate falls under jurisdiction of Syariah Court - Whether plaintiff has locus standi to file application CIVIL PROCEDURE: Parties - Locus standi - Action filed in capacity of administrator of estate - Action filed by an undischarged bankrupt without sanction of Direction General of Insolvency - Whether an administrator sues in any personal capacity - Whether plaintiff has locus to commence and continue action CIVIL PROCEDURE: Affidavits - Capacity of deponent - Authority to depose - Affidavit executed by officer of parent company on behalf of subsidiary company - Whether an officer of a parent company would be in a position to depose affidavit on behalf of subsidiary company CIVIL PROCEDURE: Affidavits - Defective affidavit - Jurat - Solicitor was named as interpreter of affidavit - Whether affidavit was defective - Whether there was non-compliance of O. 41 r. 8 of Rules of Court 2012
[2017] 1 LNS 862	TIMBALAN PENDAKWA RAYA BAHAGIAN PENDAKWAAN JABATAN PEGUAM NEGARA SABAH v. HONG LEONG BANK BHD	CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: Forfeiture - Dangerous drugs - Forfeiture of property - Application for release of seized vehicle under a hire purchase agreement - Vehicle was seized under s. 25(1) of Dangerous Drugs (Forfeiture of Property) Act 1988 ('1988 Act') - Burden of proof – Whether s. 35 applies in a proceeding under s. 32(3) of 1988 Act - Whether respondent was lawfully entitled to vehicle - Whether burden on respondent was only to prove on balance of probabilities that it was lawfully entitled to vehicle - Whether respondent came under purview of s. 33(1) of Act 1988 as a bona fide purchaser for valuable consideration
[2017] 1 LNS 915	MAZIAH MUSA v. ZAINULABADIN MAT AKHIR, DATO' & ORS	DAMAGES: Appeal - Assessment - Appeal against decision of Registrar - Claim for damages suffered as a result of wrongdoing committed by shareholders of company - Shareholders profited from unlawful disposal of company properties - Defendants alleged that all sales transactions, profits and income of company were reflected in audited report and financial statements - Plaintiff failed to furnish other audited reports to contradict defendant's reports - Whether there was evidence to substantiate defendants' position that proceeds from sales of properties were credited into company's account - Whether plaintiff's valuation report ought to be accepted for purpose of determining damages
[2017] 1 LNS 1150	KERAJAAN MALAYSIA lwn. AUDIO VIDEO SOLUTION SYSTEM SDN BHD & SATU LAGI	PROSEDUR SIVIL: Penghakiman terus - Isu-isu untuk dibicarakan - Cukai pendapatan - Tuntutan cukai tambahan yang genap masa dan tidak dibayar - Pertikaian berkenaan jumlah taksiran - Ketiadaan rayuan terhadap taksiran yang dibuat dibawah s. 99 Akta Cukai Pendapatan 1967 ('ACP') - Sama ada taksiran yang dibuat adalah muktamad dan konklusif - Sama ada perakuan yang dikeluarkan di bawah s. 142(1) ACP adalah keterangan yang mencukupi untuk menunjukkan jumlah yang kena bayar - Sama ada mahkamah mempunyai kuasa untuk memberi penghakiman terhadap jumlah yang dinyatakan di dalam perakuan yang dikeluarkan dibawah s. 142(1) ACP - Sama ada pertikaian jumlah cukai ada merit
[2017] 1 LNS 1148	HASHIM lwn. TIMBALAN MENTERI DALAM NEGERI, MALAYSIA & YANG LAIN	PENAHANAN PENCEGAHAN: Perintah tahanan - Permohonan untuk habeas corpus - Tahanan di bawah s. 6(1) Akta Dadah Berbahaya (Langkah-Langkah Pencegahan Khas) 1985 ('Akta 1985') - Pemohon berbangsa Myanmar - Pemohon mendakwa tidak disediakan jurubahasa semasa inkuiri oleh pegawai siasatan - Nama pemohon berbeza dalam perintah tahanan - Sama ada isu ketiadaan penyediaan jurubahasa seharusnya telah dibangkitkan semasa persidangan representasi di hadapan Lembaga Penasihat - Sama ada sebarang kecacatan yang berlaku semasa tahanan untuk tujuan siasatan relevan untuk dipertimbangkan - Sama ada perintah tahanan merujuk kepada pemohon - Sama ada pemohon telah mengakui nama yang dinyatakan di dalam perintah tahanan merujuk kepadanya

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CLJ 2018 Volume 3 (Part 4)

FEDERAL COURT

Dr Hari Krishnan & Anor v. Megat Noor Ishak Megat Ibrahim & Anor And Another Appeal
Md Raus Sharif CJ, Ahmad Maarop CJ (Malaya), Zainun Ali, Abu Samah Nordin, Ramly Ali FCJJ
(Tort; Civil Procedure - Medical negligence - Standard of care in medical negligence - Whether Bolam test or test in Rogers v. Whitaker applicable - Whether hospital owed a non-delegable duty to patient - Judgments and orders - Non-speaking judgment of High Court - Written judgment of Court of Appeal issued by single judge - Whether retrial warranted) [2018] 3 CLJ 427 [FC]

COURT OF APPEAL

Bulyah Ishak & Anor v. AmBank (M) Bhd & Another Appeal
Prasad Sandosham Abraham, Zamani A Rahim, Asmabi Mohamad JJCA
(Land Law; Evidence - Interest in property - Recovery of - Ownership - Whether developer authorised to deal with property - Adverse inference - Non-calling of material witnesses) [2018] 3 CLJ 478 [CA]

P Mukundan PK Kunchu Kurup & Ors v. Daniel Anthony & Another Appeal
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan JJCA, Suraya Othman J
(Bankruptcy; Civil Procedure - Notice - Setting aside - Proper mode - Whether bankruptcy notice based on final judgment - Finality of judgment) [2018] 3 CLJ 496 [CA]

Timbalan Menteri Keselamatan Dalam Negeri, Malaysia & Ors v. Ong San Huei
Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Abdul Rahman Sebli JCA
(Preventive Detention; Civil Procedure - Detention order - Validity of - Habeas corpus) [2018] 3 CLJ 509 [CA]

Tony Pua Kiam Wee v. Dato' Sri Mohd Najib Tun Hj Abdul Razak
Abang Iskandar, Zaleha Yusof, Yaacob Md Sam JJCA
(Tort - Defamation - Libel - Whether defences of justification, fair comment and absolute privilege applicable) [2018] 3 CLJ 522 [CA]

HIGH COURT

Dr Mohamad Afzal Farikullah Khan v. Malaysian Medical Council
Kamaludin Md Said J
(Professions - Medical practitioner - Infamous conduct - Failure to exercise scrupulous care in preparation of report - Sentencing) [2018] 3 CLJ 539 [HC]

SUBJECT INDEX

BANKRUPTCY

Notice - Setting aside - Proper mode - Whether complied with - Allegation that bankruptcy notice based on judgment which was not final - Bankruptcy Act 1967, s. 3(1)(i) - Bankruptcy Rules 1969, rr. 18 & 95
P Mukundan PK Kunchu Kurup & Ors v. Daniel Anthony & Another Appeal
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan JJCA, Suraya Othman J) [2018] 3 CLJ 496 [CA]

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Habeas corpus - Preventive detention - Detention order - Validity of - Action filed by plaintiff for declaration and consequential relief in form of damages for false imprisonment - Second extended detention order issued under s. 11A(1)(a)(aa) of Dangerous Drugs (Special Preventive Measures) Act 1985 to extend duration of first extended detention order - Whether there was non-compliance of procedural requirement - Whether bad in law and of no effect - Res judicata - Whether applied - Whether suit an attempt to re-litigate original case in another court - Whether s. 11C applied to oust jurisdiction of court to try suit for false imprisonment - Whether award handed down manifestly high and excessive
Timbalan Menteri Keselamatan Dalam Negeri, Malaysia & Ors v. Ong San Huei
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Abdul Rahman Sebli JCA) [2018] 3 CLJ 509 [CA]

Judgments - Finality of judgment - Judgment creditors obtained judgment against judgment debtors - Judgment did not state amount of interest - Whether amount due clarified or quantified - Whether judgment final - Whether bankruptcy notice liable to be set aside
P Mukundan PK Kunchu Kurup & Ors v. Daniel Anthony & Another Appeal
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan JJCA, Suraya Othman J) [2018] 3 CLJ 496 [CA]

Judgments and orders - Appeal - Preliminary objections - Non-speaking judgment of High Court - Written judgment of Court of Appeal issued by single judge as two other judges on panel retired - Whether Court of Appeal judgment delivered orally in open court and in presence of all three judges - Whether requirements of s. 38 of Courts of Judicature Act 1964 met - Whether retrial or rehearing warranted
Dr Hari Krishnan & Anor v. Megat Noor Ishak Megat Ibrahim & Anor And Another Appeal
(Md Raus Sharif CJ, Ahmad Maarop CJ (Malaya), Zainun Ali, Abu Samah Nordin, Ramly Ali FCJJ) [2018] 3 CLJ 427 [FC]

EVIDENCE

Adverse inference - Non-calling of material witnesses - Whether witnesses in best position to provide evidence - Whether provision of s. 114(g) of Evidence Act 1950 ought to be invoked
Bulyah Ishak & Anor v. AmBank (M) Bhd & Another Appeal
(Prasad Sandosham Abraham, Zamani A Rahim, Asmabi Mohamad JJCA) [2018] 3 CLJ 478 [CA]

LAND LAW

Interest in property - Recovery of - Ownership - Purchase price of property fully paid by deceased - Deceased's wife appointed as administrator of deceased's estate upon death of deceased - Whether irrevocable power of attorney executed - Whether deceased rightful owner of property - Developer charged property to bank without administrator's consent - Whether void ab initio - Whether developer merely a bare trustee - Whether developer authorised to deal with property - Whether developer had right to charge property to bank - Whether bank a bona fide party
Bulyah Ishak & Anor v. AmBank (M) Bhd & Another Appeal
(Prasad Sandosham Abraham, Zamani A Rahim, Asmabi Mohamad JJCA) [2018] 3 CLJ 478 [CA]

PREVENTIVE DETENTION

Detention order - Validity of - Habeas corpus - Action filed by plaintiff for declaration and consequential relief in form of damages for false imprisonment - Second extended detention order issued under s. 11A(1)(a)(aa) of Dangerous Drugs (Special Preventive Measures) Act 1985 to extend duration of first extended detention order - Whether there was non-compliance of procedural requirement - Whether bad in law and of no effect - Res judicata - Whether applied - Whether suit an attempt to re-litigate original case in another court - Whether s. 11C applied to oust jurisdiction of court to try suit for false imprisonment - Whether award handed down manifestly high and excessive
Timbalan Menteri Keselamatan Dalam Negeri, Malaysia & Ors v. Ong San Huei
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Abdul Rahman Sebli JCA) [2018] 3 CLJ 509 [CA]

PROFESSIONS

Medical practitioner - Infamous conduct - Medical report containing untrue, misleading and improper statements - Failure to exercise scrupulous care in preparation of report - Medical practitioner found guilty under s. 30 of Medical Act 1971 by Malaysian Medical Council - Sentencing - Mitigating factors considered - Whether six month suspension from Malaysian Medical Register grossly unjust - Whether ought to be reduced to one month suspension
Dr Mohamad Afzal Farikullah Khan v. Malaysian Medical Council
(Kamaludin Md Said J) [2018] 3 CLJ 539 [HC]

Medical practitioner - Infamous conduct - Medical report containing untrue, misleading and improper statements - Whether there was failure to exercise scrupulous care in preparation of report - Whether there was a breach of Malaysian Medical Council's Code of Professional Conduct - Whether there was a demonstration of unprofessional behaviour - Medical Act 1971, ss. 29(2) & 30
Dr Mohamad Afzal Farikullah Khan v. Malaysian Medical Council
(Kamaludin Md Said J) [2018] 3 CLJ 539 [HC]

TORT

Defamation - Libel - Video recording published in Facebook account - Application for interim injunction allowed by High Court - Whether defences of justification, fair comment and absolute privilege applicable - Whether High Court Judge erred in allowing interim injunction - Whether plaintiff bore burden to prove that defendant's defences would not succeed - Whether High Court Judge erred in shifting burden on defendant - Whether judicial notice ought to be taken - Whether further formal proof required
Tony Pua Kiam Wee v. Dato' Sri Mohd Najib Tun Hj Abdul Razak
(Abang Iskandar, Zaleha Yusof, Yaacob Md Sam JJCA) [2018] 3 CLJ 522 [CA]

Negligence - Medical negligence - Patient underwent retinal detachment operation - Complications during operation caused extensive haemorrhage to patient's right eye - Medical report confirmed permanent blindness in right eye - Whether injuries and loss of vision caused by negligence of doctor, anaesthetist and hospital - Standard of care in medical negligence - Whether Bolam test or test in Rogers v. Whitaker applicable - Whether breach of duty by doctor to explain risks specifically - Whether patient deprived of chance to make informed decision - Whether doctor negligent in choice of procedure in treating patient - Anaesthetist failed to keep plaintiff anaesthetised completely - Whether doctors failed in care and management of patient - Liability of doctors - Claim for damages - Whether aggravated damages could be awarded as separate head of damages in tort
Dr Hari Krishnan & Anor v. Megat Noor Ishak Megat Ibrahim & Anor And Another Appeal
(Md Raus Sharif CJ, Ahmad Maarop CJ (Malaya), Zainun Ali, Abu Samah Nordin, Ramly Ali FCJJ) [2018] 3 CLJ 427 [FC]

Negligence - Medical negligence - Patient underwent retinal detachment operation - Complications arose during operation causing extensive haemorrhage to patient's right eye - Medical report confirmed permanent blindness in right eye - Whether injuries and loss of vision caused by negligence of doctor, anaesthetist and hospital - Whether private hospitals having contracted with doctors to work as independent contractors can be held vicariously liable for negligence of doctors - Whether patient dependent on hospital for facilities and services - Whether hospital assumed positive duty to plaintiff to ensure provision of anaesthetic services - Whether anaesthetist negligent in performance of duty - Principles in Woodland v. Essex County Council - Whether applied - Whether hospital owed a non-delegable duty to patient
Dr Hari Krishnan & Anor v. Megat Noor Ishak Megat Ibrahim & Anor And Another Appeal
(Md Raus Sharif CJ, Ahmad Maarop CJ (Malaya), Zainun Ali, Abu Samah Nordin, Ramly Ali FCJJ) [2018] 3 CLJ 427 [FC]

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CLJ 2018 Volume 3 (Part 5)

FEDERAL COURT

Tenaga Nasional Bhd v. Ichi-Ban Plastic (M) Sdn Bhd & Other Appeals
Ahmad Maarop CJ (Malaya), Hasan Lah, Abu Samah Nordin, Azahar Mohamed, Aziah Ali FCJJ
(Utilities - Electricity - Tampering of meter - Electricity Supply Act 1990, s. 38(3) & (4)) [2018] 3 CLJ 557 [FC]

COURT OF APPEAL

Sidambaram Torosamy v. Lok Bee Yeong
Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Badariah Sahamid, Mary Lim JJCA
(Land Law - Power of attorney - Validity of - Whether power of attorney granted revocable) [2018] 3 CLJ 599 [CA]

Syarifah Nooraffyzza Wan Hosen v. Director Of Jabatan Agama Islam Sarawak & Ors
Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Ab Karim Ab Jalil JJCA
(Islamic Law; Constitutional Law - Jurisdiction to hear apostasy matters - Whether jurisdiction lies exclusively with Syariah Court) [2018] 3 CLJ 620 [CA]

HIGH COURT

Hafeez Iqbal Oil & Ghee Industries (Pvt) Ltd v. Alami Vegetable Oil Products Sdn Bhd
Azimah Omar J
(Arbitration - Application for recognition and enforcement of awards as judgments - Arbitration Act 2005, s. 39) [2018] 3 CLJ 635 [HC]

Maria Faridah Atienza v. Hadijah Mohamaed Mokhtar & Anor
Wan Ahmad Farid Salleh JC
(Civil Procedure - Contempt of court - Committal proceedings - Rules of Court 2012, O. 52 r. 4) [2018] 3 CLJ 655 [HC]

PP v. Moo He Hong & Anor
Abu Bakar Jais J
(Criminal Procedure; Criminal Law - Common intention of rashly causing death - Whether elements of s. 304A of Penal Code satisfied) [2018] 3 CLJ 662 [HC]

SUBJECT INDEX

ARBITRATION

Award - Enforcement - Application for recognition and enforcement of awards as judgments - Applicant seeking to recognise final arbitration award and final appeal board award - Whether final appeal board acted outside terms of arbitration - Whether contained decisions on matters beyond scope of submission to arbitration - Whether awards in conflict with public policy of Malaysia - Whether awards consistent with PORAM Rules of Arbitration and Appeal - Whether defendant successfully proved grounds to challenge recognition of arbitral awards - Arbitration Act 2005, s. 39
Hafeez Iqbal Oil & Ghee Industries (Pvt) Ltd v. Alami Vegetable Oil Products Sdn Bhd
(Azimah Omar J) [2018] 3 CLJ 635 [HC]

Award - Enforcement - Application for recognition and enforcement of awards as judgments - Preliminary objection - Whether applicant could seek to recognise both final arbitration award and final appeal board award - Whether decision by final appeal board final or concluded award - Whether award to be enforced final award by final appeal board - Whether preliminary objection raised had merit
Hafeez Iqbal Oil & Ghee Industries (Pvt) Ltd v. Alami Vegetable Oil Products Sdn Bhd
(Azimah Omar J) [2018] 3 CLJ 635 [HC]

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Contempt of court - Committal proceedings - Breach of injunction order restraining contemnor from making statements against applicant pending disposal of defamation suit - Contemnor breached injunction and continued to publish further statements - Whether contempt committed - Whether warranted committal order - Appropriate sentence - Rules of Court 2012, O. 52 r. 4
Maria Faridah Atienza v. Hadijah Mohamaed Mokhtar & Anor
(Wan Ahmad Farid Salleh JC) [2018] 3 CLJ 655 [HC]

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Federal Constitution - Article 121(1A) - Jurisdiction - Apostasy - Whether Civil Court seized with jurisdiction to hear apostasy matters - Whether jurisdiction lies exclusively with Syariah Court
Syarifah Nooraffyzza Wan Hosen v. Director Of Jabatan Agama Islam Sarawak & Ors
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Ab Karim Ab Jalil JJCA) [2018] 3 CLJ 620 [CA]

CRIMINAL LAW

Common intention - Whether proven - Accused persons charged with common intention of rashly causing death - Victim armed with knife tried to rob accused persons' home - Victim injured accused persons' family member - Whether actions of accused persons joint and concerted to cause same fatal injury or injuries - Penal Code, ss. 34 & 304(A)
PP v. Moo He Hong & Anor
(Abu Bakar Jais J) [2018] 3 CLJ 662 [HC]

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Appeal - Appeal against acquittal and dismissal - Appeal by prosecution - Accused persons charged with common intention of rashly causing death - Victim armed with knife tried to rob accused persons' home - Victim injured accused persons' family member - Whether defence of private defence available to accused persons - Whether elements of s. 304A of Penal Code satisfied - Whether both accused persons caused injury resulting in victim's death - Whether victim's death caused by rash or negligent act of both accused persons - Whether there was common intention
PP v. Moo He Hong & Anor
(Abu Bakar Jais J) [2018] 3 CLJ 662 [HC]

ISLAMIC LAW

Syariah Court - Jurisdiction - Jurisdiction to hear apostasy matters - Whether Civil Court seized with jurisdiction to hear apostasy matters - Whether jurisdiction lies exclusively with Syariah Court - Absence of provisions on apostasy in State Enactment - Whether jurisdiction could be implied - Federal Constitution, art. 121(1A)
Syarifah Nooraffyzza Wan Hosen v. Director Of Jabatan Agama Islam Sarawak & Ors
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Ab Karim Ab Jalil JJCA) [2018] 3 CLJ 620 [CA]

LAND LAW

Power of attorney - Validity of - Non-payment of loans - Deceased granted power of attorney to sell property and secure proceeds of sale as repayment of loans - Property subsequently sold by deceased - Proceeds from sale used to purchase another property - Whether deceased committed fraud in selling bungalow - Whether power of attorney granted revocable - Whether power of attorney could be impliedly revoked - Contracts Act 1950, ss. 155, 158 & 159 - Powers of Attorney Act 1949
Sidambaram Torosamy v. Lok Bee Yeong
(Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Badariah Sahamid, Mary Lim JJCA) [2018] 3 CLJ 599 [CA]

UTILITIES

Electricity - Tampering of meter - Whether consumer must first be convicted for meter-tampering before loss of revenue could be recovered - Legal effect of written statement for purposes of recovery of loss of revenue - Whether estimation or approximation of loss of revenue suffered by electricity supplier as result of tampered meter precluded under claim - Whether consumer enjoyed unjust benefit - Whether estoppel arose to nullify claim - Electricity Supply Act 1990, s. 38(3) & (4)
Tenaga Nasional Bhd v. Ichi-Ban Plastic (M) Sdn Bhd & Other Appeals
(Ahmad Maarop CJ (Malaya), Hasan Lah, Abu Samah Nordin, Azahar Mohamed, Aziah Ali FCJJ) [2018] 3 CLJ 557 [FC]

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LNS Article(s)

1. CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN NIGERIA: THE EMERGING ISSUES AND PANACEA ^{[Read excerpt]}
   HASSAN I. ADEBOWALE* OLOKOOBA S.M** OLATOKE J.O*** [2018] 1 LNS(A) xxvi

[2018] 1 LNS(A) xxvi



NIGERIA

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CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN NIGERIA: THE EMERGING ISSUES AND PANACEA

HASSAN I. ADEBOWALE*
OLOKOOBA S.M**
OLATOKE J.O***

ABSTRACT

Traditionally, activation of the concurrence of actus reus and mens rea are the major elements that are needed while imposing criminal liability on a company. Contemporarily however, due to some shortcomings in the Nigerian corpus juris, imposition of criminal liability on a company for the action of its directors, managers and other influential employees has assumed a new dimension. This paper therefore, evaluates the position of the law as it relates to corporate criminal liability and exposes several loopholes in the Nigerian legal system that result in corporate criminals receiving a lesser punishment for grievous offences in the Nigerian corporate sector. The paper in the final analysis, proffers some far-reaching and empirical suggestions that will strengthen the corpus of Nigerian legislation to deal with corporate criminality.

. . .

* LL.B, LL.M, Senior Lecturer, Department of Private and Commercial Law, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria..

** B.A., LL.B,LL.M, Ph.D. Senior lecturer, Department of Business Law, Faculty of Law, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

*** LL.B,LL.M, M.Phil, Ph.D. Senior lecturer, Department of Jurisprudence and International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

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2. THE PROVISIONS IN THE COMPETITION ACT 2010 RELATING TO COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES IN MALAYSIA ^{[Read excerpt]}
   HALIZA A.SHUKOR* PROF. DR. NAZURA ABDUL MANAP** [2018] 1 LNS(A) xxvii

[2018] 1 LNS(A) xxvii



MALAYSIA

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THE PROVISIONS IN THE COMPETITION ACT 2010 RELATING TO COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES IN MALAYSIA

HALIZA A.SHUKOR*
PROF. DR. NAZURA ABDUL MANAP**

Abstract

The common objectives of competition law in most jurisdictions in the world including Malaysia are to enhance economic growth via the competition process and provide protection to consumers. Hence, in order to achieve that purpose, commercial practices are subject to the scrutiny of the competition authority to ensure that their activities comply with the provisions provided by the competition law. Therefore, it is the objective of this article to identify areas in the Competition Act 2010 which are relevant for business operators and to provide suggestions so that infringement of provisions in the Competition Act 2010 can be avoided. This research employs a library based approach which collects data from statutes, decided cases, books and journals.

. . .

* Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Email hliza@usim.edu.my.

** Faculty of Law, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43650 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

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