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Issue #27/2018 05 July 2018

New This Week Case(s) of the Week SYED OMAR SYED AGIL v. INSTITUT PROFESIONAL BAITULMAL SDN BHD [2018] 6 CLJ 397 Appeal Update Appeal Update Latest Cases Legal Network Series CLJ 2018 Volume 6 (Part 3) Articles LNS Article(s) Legislation Highlights Principal Acts Amending Acts PU(A) PU(B) Legislation Alert

SYED OMAR SYED AGIL v. INSTITUT PROFESIONAL BAITULMAL SDN BHD [2018] 6 CLJ 397
HIGH COURT MALAYA, KUALA LUMPUR
JOHN LOUIS O'HARA J
[ORIGINATING SUMMONS NO: 24 NCVC-1907-12-2015]
03 APRIL 2017

LABOUR LAW: Employment – Misconduct – Allegation of – Employee reported to Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission ('MACC') and Polis Diraja Malaysia ('PDRM') regarding improper conduct of certain parties in employer’s institute – Employer took disciplinary measures detrimental to and against employee – Whether employee qualified as whistleblower and entitled to protection – Whether detrimental actions of employer stemmed from presence of PDRM and MACC at institute – Whether allegations of employee’s misconduct an afterthought – Whether employee proved case on balance of probabilities – Whether employee granted relief sought – Whistleblower Protection Act 2010, ss. 2, 10(1), (3) & (7)

WHISTLEBLOWER: Disclosure of improper conduct to enforcement agency – Retaliatory action by employer – Whether detrimental action under s. 2 of Whistleblower Protection Act 2010 (WPA) – Whether whistleblower entitled to protection – Whistleblower Protection Act 2010, s. 10(1), (3) & (7)

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1. Hendra Kozama v. PP [2018] 1 LNS 6 (CA) affirming the High Court case of PP v. Hendra Kozama [Criminal Trial No.: 45A-174-09/2013]

2. Seni Jaya Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Dato’ Hj Ahmad Tarmizi Hj Puteh & Anor [2017] 1 LNS 118 (CA) affirming the High Court case of Seni Jaya Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Dato’ Hj Ahmad Tarmizi Hj Puteh & Anor [2015] 3 CLJ 265

Legal Network Series

[2017] 1 LNS 273	KAMARUD TAN lwn. LEMBAGA PENCEGAHAN JENAYAH & YANG LAIN UNDANG-UNDANG PENTADBIRAN: Semakan kehakiman - Pembatalan - Perintah pengawasan yang dikeluarkan oleh pengerusi lembaga pencegahan jenayah ('LPJ') - Pendaftar Penjenayah mendaftarkan nama pemohon sebelum LPJ bersidang - Ketiadaan permohonan kajian semula dibuat oleh pemohon di bawah s. 11 Akta Pencegahan Jenayah 1959 terhadap dapatan pegawai inkuiri - Sama ada terdapat keperluan untuk LPJ bersidang bagi mengesahkan dapatan pegawai inkuiri sebelum Pendaftar Penjenayah mendaftarkan nama pemohon di dalam daftar - Sama ada korum persidangan LPJ untuk mengeluarkan perintah pengawasan telah dipenuhi - Sama ada perlantikan penolong pendaftar jenayah adalah sah  Bagi pihak pemohon - Naizatul Zamrina Kariz; T/n KL Chee & Co  Bagi pihak responden - Lee Wai Yi, Peguam Persekutuan, Kementerian Dalam Negeri
[2017] 1 LNS 438	ZAMRI IBRAHIM lwn. HONG LEONG BANK BERHAD PROSEDUR SIVIL: Penghakiman terus - Kontrak - Perlanggaran - Pinjaman bersama penyerahhakan - Keseluruhan urusan pindahmilik hartanah diserahkan sepenuhnya oleh peminjam kepada bank - Bank enggan melaksanakan tanggungjawab untuk memastikan hakmilik strata dipindahmilik kepada nama peminjam selepas surat hakmilik dikeluarkan - Plaintif gagal menamakan secara bersama peminjam lain dalam writ dan penyata tuntutannya - Sama ada bank bertanggungjawab untuk laksanakan pindahmilik - Sama ada terdapat perlanggaran dasar - Sama ada tindakan plaintif dihalang oleh had masa - Sama ada plaintif mempunyai lokus standi untuk membawa tindakan - Sama ada terdapat isu-isu untuk dibicarakan  Bagi pihak plaintif - Zamri Ibrahim; T/n Zamri Ibrahim & Co  Bagi pihak defendan - Kwong Chiew Ee; T/n Rahmat & Partners
[2017] 1 LNS 440	CHOW SOOK AIK lwn. ALLIANZ GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY (M) BERHAD INSURANS: Polisi - Perlanggaran - Syarat terdahulu - Kewajipan penginsurans untuk membuat laporan kepada penanggung insurans berkenaan kejadian kemalangan dan kerosakan kenderaan - Sama ada penginsurans bertanggungjawab untuk memberi notis secara bertulis kepada penanggung insurans sebelum penanggung insurans boleh dipertanggungjawabkan di bawah polisi insurans - Sama ada kelewatan untuk memaklumkan kehilangan kenderaan dalam tempoh masa yang ditetapkan merupakan satu kemungkiran syarat terdahulu di bawah polisi insurans INSURANS: Polisi - Perlanggaran - Klausa pengecualian am - Tuntutan gantirugi bagi wang perlindungan insurans kereta - Pemandu kereta tidak memiliki lesen memandu yang sah pada waktu kehilangan kenderaan - Sama ada terdapat perlanggaran klausa pengecualian am - Sama ada penginsurans berhak untuk mendapatkan sebarang gantirugi daripada penanggung insurans PROSEDUR SIVIL: Pembatalan - Writ dan pernyataan tuntutan - Tuntutan untuk gantirugi bagi wang perlindungan insurans kereta - Lokus standi - Tindakan oleh pihak yang bukan pemilik kenderaan dan pihak kepada polisi insurans - Kelewatan dalam melaporkan kehilangan kenderaan - Sama ada tuntutan plaintif berdasarkan kausa tindakan yang sah  Bagi pihak perayu - Su Keong Siew; T/n KS Su & Mah  Bagi pihak responden - Tan Lee Kiat; T/n Othman Hashim & Co
[2017] 1 LNS 814	PP v. MIR SHAHARIMAN MIR SHAHARUDDIN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: Appeal - Appeal against acquittal - Accused was acquitted without defence being called - Offence of intentionally causing hurt under s. 323 of Penal Code - Complainant was former wife of accused - Trial judge found complainant to be an unreliable witness - Trial judge invoked adverse inference against prosecution for not calling witness to explain discrepancies - Appellate court's power to review findings of facts - Whether trial judge's findings were plainly wrong and against weight of evidence - Whether trial judge's decision to invoke an adverse presumption was a misdirection in law  For the appellant - Farah Wahida Md Nor; Deputy Public Prosecutor of Selangor  For the respondent - Hazman Harun; Hazman Tan
[2018] 1 LNS 66	PP v. SIMON JANGAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: Sentence - Adequacy of sentence - Offences of committing mischief and causing hurt in committing robbery - Whether gravity of offence reflected in sentence - Whether balance struck between public and private interests - Concurrent imprisonment term - Application of 'one-transaction' rule - Whether exception to 'one-transaction' rule should apply - Whether sentence lacked deterrent element CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: Appeal - Appeal against sentence - Sentence imposed by lower court - Concurrent imprisonment term - Whether manifestly wrong - Whether relevant factors considered - Whether appellate intervention warranted - Grounds upon which appellate intervention warranted  For the Appellant - DPP Mohd 'Afif Ali, Deputy Public Prosecutor  For the Respondent - Peli Anak Aron; M/s Peli Anak Aron Advocates
[2017] 5 LNS 40	ARSHAD SALLEH lwn. MOHAN SELVAKUMAR LALULINTAS JALAN: Tuntutan - Kemalangan jalan raya - Isu - Perlanggaran antara dua motosikal - Kesalahan memotong laluan - Liabiliti - Gantirugi am dan khas - Kecederaan-kecederaan ‘residuals’ dan ‘disabilities’  Bagi pihak pendakwa raya - Ezrene Zakariah, Timbalan Pendakwaraya   Bagi pihak OKT 1 - N Sivananthan; T/n Sivananthan & Co  Bagi pihak OKT2 - Norman Mohd Nasir; T/n Khairul Hanafi & Associates

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CLJ 2018 Volume 6 (Part 3)

FEDERAL COURT

Scott & English (M) Sdn Bhd v. Yung Chen Wood Industries Sdn Bhd
Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin PCA, Hasan Lah, Aziah Ali, Prasad Sandosham Abraham, Jeffrey Tan FCJJ
(Civil Procedure - Functus officio - Judgments and orders) [2018] 6 CLJ 271 [FC]

 For the appellant - Norbert Yapp & Eow Ee Pei; M/s Norbert Yapp & Assocs
 For the respondent - Edwin Tsen; M/s Tan Pang Tsen & Co 

COURT OF APPEAL

Dato' Seri Dr Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, Menteri Dalam Negeri Kementerian Dalam Negeri & Ors v. Soo Lina & Ors
Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Abdul Rahman Sebli, Ab Karim Ab Jalil JJCA
(Administrative Law; Unincorporated Associations - Remedies - Certiorari - Minister declared Sarawak Association For Peoples' Aspiration an illegal society pursuant to s. 5 of Societies Act 1966) [2018] 6 CLJ 285 [CA]

 For the appellants - Maisarah Juhari; SFC
 For the respondents - Dominique Ng Kim Ho; M/s Dominique Ng & Assocs 

Harvinder Singh Joginder Singh v. PP & Another Appeal
Ahmadi Asnawi, Nallini Pathmanathan, Kamardin Hashim JJCA
(Criminal Law; Criminal Procedure - Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 ('DDA') - Section 39B(1)(a) - Trafficking in 4,854g of cannabis - Appeal against conviction and sentence - Appeal against amendment of charge) [2018] 6 CLJ 307 [CA]

 For the appellant - Jagjit Singh Bant Singh & Wan Muhd Ariff Ameer Wan Normazlan; M/s Jagjit Ariff & Co
 For the respondent - Tetralina Ahmed Fauzi; DPP 

Kee Boon Suan & Ors v. Adventist Hospital & Clinical Services (M) & Ors And Other Appeals
Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Yeoh Wee Siam, Rhodzariah Bujang JJCA
(Tort - Medical negligence - Whether doctor breached duty of care in performance of surgery - Whether hospital liable under doctrine of non-delegable duty of care) [2018] 6 CLJ 334 [CA]

 For the Adventist Hospital - Cecil Abraham, JJ Chan, Joyce Tam; M/s Chan Ban Eng & Co
 For the appellants - Rhina Bhar, KB Karthi, Evan Lee; M/s Rhina Bhar & Assocs
 For the Dr Cheok Chee Yew & 2 Others - Nurulhuda Mansor; M/s Shearn Delamore & Co 

ZI Publications Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Jabatan Agama Islam Selangor & Ors
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Abdul Rahman Sebli, Asmabi Mohamad JJCA
(Administrative Law; Constitutional Law - Judicial review - Validity of legislation - Section 16 of Syariah Criminal Offences (Selangor) Enactment 1995) [2018] 6 CLJ 364 [CA]

 For the appellants - Fahri Azzat, Farhan Haziq, S Kiattilin, Surendra Ananth; M/s Fahri & Co
 For the 1st, 2nd & 5th respondents - Naziah Mokhtar; State Legal Advisor, Selangor
 For the 3rd & 4th respondents - Sulaiman Abdullah, Fakhrul Azman Abu Hasan & Zirwatul Hanan Abdul Rahman; M/s Azaine & Fakhrul
 For the 6th respondent - Shamsul Bolhassan; DPP 

HIGH COURT

Bank Kerjasama Rakyat Malaysia Bhd v. MME Realty & Management Sdn Bhd
Azizah Nawawi J
(Banking; Contract - Islamic banking - Loan - Bai' al-Innah and bai' al-Istisna facilities - Whether in compliance with Shariah Advisory Council Rulings) [2018] 6 CLJ 381 [HC]

 For the plaintiff - Nor Shahadah Saari; M/s Shukor Baljit & Partners
 For the defendant - Mugunthan Vadiveloo; M/s Mugu & Sufyan & Co 

Syed Omar Syed Agil v. Institut Profesional Baitulmal Sdn Bhd
John Louis O'hara J
(Labour Law; Whistleblower - Disclosure of improper conduct to enforcement agency - Whether whistleblower entitled to protection - Whistleblower Protection Act 2010, s. 10(1), (3) & (7)) [2018] 6 CLJ 397 [HC]

 For the plaintiff - Amer Hamzah Arshad & Aston Paiva; M/s AmerBon
 For the defendant - Noorun Aini Zakaria; M/s Azaine & Fakhrul 

Tenaga Nasional Bhd v. Kean Beng Lee Industries (M) Sdn Bhd
Lim Chong Fong J
(Utilities - Tampering of meter - Claim for loss of revenue - Whether notice of claim in compliance with s. 38(4) of Electricity Supply Act 1990) [2018] 6 CLJ 403 [HC]

 For the appellant - Fathima Idris; M/s Idris & Assocs
 For the respondent - M Kirubanandan; M/s Dharan & Co 

SUBJECT INDEX

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Judicial review - Remedies - Certiorari - Societies - Sarawak Association For Peoples' Aspiration ('SAPA') - Minister declared SAPA an illegal society pursuant to s. 5 of Societies Act 1966 - Office bearers of SAPA granted order of certiorari to quash Minister's declaration - Minister appealed against High Court decision - Review of process and merit - Whether decision making authority had relevant material to support its decision - Whether SAPA used for purposes prejudicial to interest of security of Malaysia and public order - Whether Minister's decision unreasonable and irrational - Whether there was sufficient evidence on record to justify Minister's decision - Whether Minister proved any untoward incidents involving SAPA - Whether impugned order liable to be quashed - Whether principle of natural justice observed
Dato' Seri Dr Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, Menteri Dalam Negeri Kementerian Dalam Negeri & Ors v. Soo Lina & Ors
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Abdul Rahman Sebli, Ab Karim Ab Jalil JJCA) [2018] 6 CLJ 285 [CA]

Judicial review - Validity of legislation - Section 16 of Syariah Criminal Offences (Selangor) Enactment 1995 - Preliminary objection - Whether High Court had jurisdiction to hear judicial review application - Federal Court decision in ZI Publications Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Kerajaan Negeri Selangor (Kerajaan Malaysia & Anor, intervener) - Whether ZI Publications' case only concerned with competency of legislative power of Selangor State Legislative Assembly in enacting s. 16 of Syariah Criminal Offences (Selangor) Enactment 1995 - Whether High Court Judge erred in upholding preliminary objection - Whether validity of legislation already decided by Federal Court
ZI Publications Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Jabatan Agama Islam Selangor & Ors
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Abdul Rahman Sebli, Asmabi Mohamad JJCA) [2018] 6 CLJ 364 [CA]

BANKING

Islamic banking - Loan - Parties entered into loan agreements based on bai' al-Innah and bai' al-Istisna facilities - Borrower defaulted in payment - Bank terminated loan agreements and claimed for contractual sum, late payment penalty and costs - Whether facilities valid - Whether in compliance with Shariah Advisory Council Rulings - Contracts Act 1950, s. 66
Bank Kerjasama Rakyat Malaysia Bhd v. MME Realty & Management Sdn Bhd
(Azizah Nawawi J) [2018] 6 CLJ 381 [HC]

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Functus officio - Judgments and orders - Finality - Re-litigation of orders of High Court - Whether order of High Court sealed - Whether High Court functus officio - Whether trial court could amend its order after order affirmed or reversed by higher court - Whether there were accidental slip or omission that warranted corrections
Scott & English (M) Sdn Bhd v. Yung Chen Wood Industries Sdn Bhd
(Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin PCA, Hasan Lah, Aziah Ali, Prasad Sandosham Abraham, Jeffrey Tan FCJJ) [2018] 6 CLJ 271 [FC]

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Legislation - Validity of legislation - Confiscation of books on suspicion of commission of offences under s. 16 of Syariah Criminal Offences (Selangor) Enactment 1995 - Preliminary objection - Whether High Court had jurisdiction to hear judicial review application - Federal Court decision in ZI Publications Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Kerajaan Negeri Selangor (Kerajaan Malaysia & Anor, Intervener) - Whether ZI Publications' case only concerned with competency of legislative power of Selangor State Legislative Assembly in enacting s. 16 of Syariah Criminal Offences (Selangor) Enactment 1995 - Whether High Court Judge erred in upholding preliminary objection - Whether validity of legislation already decided by Federal Court
ZI Publications Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Jabatan Agama Islam Selangor & Ors
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Abdul Rahman Sebli, Asmabi Mohamad JJCA) [2018] 6 CLJ 364 [CA]

CONTRACT

Void contract - Islamic banking - Loan - Parties entered into loan agreements based on bai' al-Innah and bai' al-Istisna facilities - Borrower defaulted in payment - Bank terminated loan agreements and claimed for contractual sum, late payment penalty and costs - Whether facilities valid - Whether in compliance with Shariah Advisory Council Rulings - Contracts Act 1950, s. 66
Bank Kerjasama Rakyat Malaysia Bhd v. MME Realty & Management Sdn Bhd
(Azizah Nawawi J) [2018] 6 CLJ 381 [HC]

CRIMINAL LAW

Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 ('DDA') - Section 39B(1)(a) - Trafficking in 4,854g of cannabis - Drugs found at footrest of front passenger seat of car - Car belonging to friend of accused - Trial judge found accused had momentary possession of car - Whether accused had knowledge of drugs found in car - Trial judge amended charge to possession under s. 6 of DDA on ground that accused merely had passive possession of drugs - Convicting and sentencing accused to 14 years of imprisonment and ten strokes of rattan - Appeal by accused on conviction and sentence - Appeal by prosecution against amendment of charge - Grounds of appeal - Whether accused had knowledge of drugs found inside car - Whether prosecution succeeded in proving passive possession of drugs - Whether there was affirmative evidence of trafficking
Harvinder Singh Joginder Singh v. PP
(Ahmadi Asnawi, Nallini Pathmanathan, Kamardin Hashim JJCA) [2018] 6 CLJ 307 [CA]

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Trafficking in dangerous drugs - Accused charged for trafficking in 4,854g of cannabis - Appeal against conviction and sentence by accused - Appeal against amendment of charge to one under possession by prosecution - Grounds of appeal - Whether accused had knowledge of drugs found inside car - Whether prosecution succeeded in proving passive possession of drugs - Whether there was affirmative evidence of trafficking - Dangerous Drugs Act 1952, ss. 6 & 39B(1)(a)
Harvinder Singh Joginder Singh v. PP
(Ahmadi Asnawi, Nallini Pathmanathan, Kamardin Hashim JJCA) [2018] 6 CLJ 307 [CA]

LABOUR LAW

Employment - Misconduct - Allegation of - Employee reported to Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission ('MACC') and Polis Diraja Malaysia ('PDRM') regarding improper conduct of certain parties in employer's institute - Employer took disciplinary measures detrimental to and against employee - Whether employee qualified as whistleblower and entitled to protection - Whether detrimental actions of employer stemmed from presence of PDRM and MACC at institute - Whether allegations of employee's misconduct an afterthought - Whether employee proved case on balance of probabilities - Whether employee granted relief sought - Whistleblower Protection Act 2010, ss. 2, 10(1), (3) & (7)
Syed Omar Syed Agil v. Institut Profesional Baitulmal Sdn Bhd
(John Louis O'hara J) [2018] 6 CLJ 397 [HC]

TORT

Negligence - Damages - Medical negligence - Breach of - Operation for spinal deformity - Patient became quadriplegic - Award of general damages, general damages for future care, and special damages and pre-trial losses for the items of travel expenses, and future care and expenses by High Court - Whether there were appealable errors - Whether reasonable - Whether 'life expectancy' of ventilator dependent patient to be varied
Kee Boon Suan & Ors v. Adventist Hospital & Clinical Services (M) & Ors And Other Appeals
(Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Yeoh Wee Siam, Rhodzariah Bujang JJCA) [2018] 6 CLJ 334 [CA]

Negligence - Medical negligence - Breach of - Operation for spinal deformity - Patient became quadriplegic - Whether doctor obtained informed consent - Surgery without spinal cord monitoring facilities - Whether doctor breached duty of care in performance of surgery - Whether patient put in prone position for administration of anaesthesia caused quadriplegia - 'But for' test
Kee Boon Suan & Ors v. Adventist Hospital & Clinical Services (M) & Ors And Other Appeals
(Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Yeoh Wee Siam, Rhodzariah Bujang JJCA) [2018] 6 CLJ 334 [CA]

Negligence - Vicarious liability - Whether hospital liable for negligence of doctors - Whether doctors independent contractors - Whether doctors operated independent businesses free from control and interference by hospital management - Failure by hospital to supply facilities to assist in surgery - Whether doctors' failure to request supply of facilities negated hospital's liability - Whether hospital liable under doctrine of non-delegable duty of care
Kee Boon Suan & Ors v. Adventist Hospital & Clinical Services (M) & Ors And Other Appeals
Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Yeoh Wee Siam, Rhodzariah Bujang JJCA) [2018] 6 CLJ 334 [CA]

UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS

Societies - Sarawak Association For Peoples' Aspiration ('SAPA') - Minister declared SAPA an illegal society pursuant to s. 5 of Societies Act 1966 - Office bearers of SAPA granted order of certiorari to quash Minister's declaration - Minister appealed against decision of High Court - Whether SAPA used for purposes prejudicial to interest of the security of Malaysia and public order - Whether Minister's decision unreasonable and irrational - Whether there was sufficient evidence on record to justify Minister's decision - Whether Minister proved any untoward incidents involving SAPA - Whether impugned order liable to be quashed - Whether principle of natural justice observed
Dato' Seri Dr Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, Menteri Dalam Negeri Kementerian Dalam Negeri & Ors v. Soo Lina & Ors
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Abdul Rahman Sebli, Ab Karim Ab Jalil JJCA) [2018] 6 CLJ 285 [CA]

UTILITIES

Electricity - Tampering of meter - Claim for loss of revenue - Notice of claim - Whether in compliance with s. 38(4) of the Electricity Supply Act 1990 - Whether notices sent by authorised persons - Whether Sessions Court Judge erred in dismissing claim
Tenaga Nasional Bhd v. Kean Beng Lee Industries (M) Sdn Bhd
(Lim Chong Fong J) [2018] 6 CLJ 403 [HC]

WHISTLEBLOWER

Disclosure of improper conduct to enforcement agency - Retaliatory action by employer - Whether detrimental action under s. 2 of Whistleblower Protection Act 2010 (WPA) - Whether whistleblower entitled to protection - Whistleblower Protection Act 2010, s. 10(1), (3) & (7)
Syed Omar Syed Agil v. Institut Profesional Baitulmal Sdn Bhd
(John Louis O'hara J) [2018] 6 CLJ 397 [HC]

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LNS Article(s)

1. SIASATAN KEBAKARAN FORENSIK: KEPENTINGAN DAN HALA TUJU DI MALAYSIA ^{[Read excerpt]}
   Tengku Shahrizam Tuan Lah⁽ⁱ⁾Zalliza Arip⁽ⁱⁱ⁾Saraswathi Ravindran⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾Ramalinggam Rajamanickam^(iv) [2018] 1 LNS(A) lvii

[2018] 1 LNS(A) lvii



MALAYSIA

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SIASATAN KEBAKARAN FORENSIK: KEPENTINGAN DAN HALA TUJU DI MALAYSIA

Tengku Shahrizam Tuan Lah⁽ⁱ⁾
Zalliza Arip⁽ⁱⁱ⁾
Saraswathi Ravindran⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾
Ramalinggam Rajamanickam^(iv)

Abstrak

Dewasa ini, terdapat banyak insiden kebakaran yang berlaku di negara kita. Ia berlaku disebabkan oleh pelbagai faktor seperti kerosakan peralatan elektrik, renjatan kuasa dan sebahagiannya juga berlaku disebabkan oleh perbuatan khianat dengan menggunakan api. Oleh hal yang demikian, penyiasatan kebakaran adalah sangat penting bagi memastikan punca-punca kebakaran dapat dikenal pasti. Secara umumnya, penulisan ini akan membincangkan siasatan kebakaran di negara ini serta peranan yang dimainkan oleh pegawai penyiasat kebakaran. Penulisan ini juga meninjau cabaran-cabaran yang dihadapi oleh pegawai penyiasat kebakaran di Malaysia. Penulisan ini meneliti amalan siasatan kebakaran di negara lain dan membuat perbandingan dengan amalan yang diterima pakai di Malaysia. Ini bertujuan mengenal pasti kelemahan-kelemahan yang terdapat dalam siasatan kebakaran di Malaysia agar mutu penyiasatan dapat ditambah baik pada masa akan datang.

. . .

(i) Pelajar Siswazah, Fakulti Undang-Undang, Universiti kebangsaaan Malaysia (UKM). E-mel: tshahrizamLLB@gmail.com.

(ii) Pelajar Siswazah, Fakulti Undang-Undang, Universiti kebangsaaan Malaysia (UKM). E-mel: zalllizaarip@gmail.com.

(iii) Pelajar Siswazah, Fakulti Undang-Undang, Universiti kebangsaaan Malaysia (UKM). E-mel: rsarah1981@gmail.com.

(iv) Pensyarah Kanan, Fakulti Undang-Undang, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). E-mel: rama@ukm.edu.my

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2. A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR INCEST AND SEXUAL ABUSE OF MINORS IN NIGERIA ^{[Read excerpt]}
   DR. (MRS) E. F OWOLABI* [2018] 1 LNS(A) xxxix

[2018] 1 LNS(A) xxxix



NIGERIA

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A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR INCEST AND SEXUAL ABUSE OF MINORS IN NIGERIA

DR. (MRS) E. F OWOLABI*

ABSTRACT

Incest and sexual abuse of minors has evolved as a recurrent abuse of human rights of children in Nigeria, as the society prioritizes traditional family values over the protection of human rights. However, despite the traditional challenges, the society is fast devolving into a more humanitarian perspective of protecting the rights of minors, this accounts for the creation of laws that protect and guarantee the rights of the child. The most recent law to this effect being the Child Rights Act, 2003 which was adapted by the Nigerian State from the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Despite the giant strides in establishing this new corpus of rights, it is important to analyse the endowments of the legislation on minors in juxtaposition with the realities of the traditional aspect of the Nigerian society, especially when this deals with topical issues like incest, rape and other forms of sexual abuses being committed by family members such as fathers, mothers, uncles, aunts and cousins inter alia.

. . .

* Faculty of Law, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

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