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Issue #35/2018 30 August 2018

New This Week Case(s) of the Week KERAJAAN NEGERI SELANGOR v. SURUHANJAYA PILIHAN RAYA MALAYSIA & ORS (NO 3) [2018] 8 CLJ 111 Appeal Update Appeal Update Latest Cases Legal Network Series CLJ 2018 Volume 8 (Part 1) Articles LNS Article(s) CLJ Article(s) Legislation Highlights Principal Acts Amending Acts PU(A) PU(B) Legislation Alert

KERAJAAN NEGERI SELANGOR v.
SURUHANJAYA PILIHAN RAYA MALAYSIA & ORS (NO 3) [2018] 8 CLJ 111
HIGH COURT MALAYA, KUALA LUMPUR
AZIZUL AZMI ADNAN J
[JUDICIAL REVIEW NO: WA-25-186-10-2016]
13 DECEMBER 2017

ELECTION: Election Commission – Review of constituencies – Challenge against proposed recommendations on review of division of Federal and State constituencies in Selangor – Whether proposed recommendations violated art. 113(2) of Federal Constitution read together with s. 2(c) and (d) of Thirteenth Schedule – Whether proposed recommendations based on current electoral rolls – Whether electoral roll used in delimitation exercise defective – Whether information and particulars in s. 4 notice adequate – Whether curial intervention warranted

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1. PP v. Suresh Kumar Theyunny @ Baskaram [2016] 1 LNS 1520 (CA) overruling in part the High Court case of PP v. Suresh Kumar Theyunny @ Baskaram [Perbicaraan Jenayah No.: 45A-06-2011, 45A-09-2011, 45A-13-2011, 45A-18-2011, 45D-10-2011 & 45D-15-2011]

2. Superintendent Of Lands And Surveys, Kuching Division & Ors v. Kuching Waterfront Development Sdn Bhd [2018] 1 LNS 49 (CA) overruling the High Court case of Kuching Waterfront Development v. Superintendent of Lands and Surveys, Kuching Division [Suit No.: 21-6-08-III]

Legal Network Series

[2016] 1 LNS 1093	OOI EIK HONG lwn. KEK TEIK SWEE KONTRAK: Jual beli hartanah - Kemungkiran - Ketiadaan pendedahan berkenaan bayaran pampasan oleh pihak TNB kepada penjual berkaitan hak laluan talian bekalan elektrik - Pampasan diterima penjual sebelum perjanjian jual beli ditandatangani - Sama ada terdapat perlanggaran perjanjian jual beli - Sama ada pembeli berhak kepada wang pampasan yang telah diterima oleh penjual KONTRAK: Jual beli hartanah - Hak pembeli - Harga pembelian belum diselesaikan sepenuhnya - Tuntutan pembeli keatas wang yang diterima oleh penjual dari hasil yang diperolehi dari hartanah - Kerja-kerja pengeluaran dan pengambilan bahan batuan di atas hartanah - Sama ada pembeli berhak keatas wang yang diterima oleh penjual hasil daripada penggunaan hartanah - Sama ada penjual perlu mendapatkan kebenaran pembeli sebelum memasuki sebarang transaksi keatas hartanah KONTRAK: Jual beli hartanah - Pembatalan - Ganti rugi - Kegagalan pembeli membuat baki harga belian - Kegagalan pembeli mematuhi perintah pelaksanaan spesifik mahkamah - Pindahmilik dilakukan oleh pembeli secara frod - Sama ada perjanjian jual beli wajar dibatalkan - Sama ada penjual berhak untuk merampas wang deposit yang telah dibayar oleh pembeli sebagai ganti rugi atas pembatalan - Sama ada penjual wajar diberikan ganti rugi teladan - Akta Spesifik Relif 1950, s. 34 UNDANG-UNDANG TANAH: Penjualan tanah - Pemilikan berdaftar - Hak pembeli keatas hartanah - Pembeli masih belum menjelaskan harga pembelian sepenuhnya - Sama ada pembayaran deposit semata-mata menjadikan pembeli sebagai pemilik berdaftar ke atas hartanah UNDANG-UNDANG TANAH: Pindahmilik - Kesahihan - Pindahmilik secara frod - Pindahmilik dilakukan oleh pembeli sebelum baki belian dijelaskan kepada penjual - Pindahmilik dilakukan dengan mengelirukan pendaftar untuk menandatangani borang 14A - Sama ada tindakan memindahmilik hartanah tanpa pembayaran baki harga jualan adalah sah - Sama ada pindahmilik hartanah yang dilakukan secara frod adalah terbatal - Sama ada pemilikan hartanah wajar dikembalikan kepada penjual  Bagi pihak perayu - Wong Tai Hau; T/n TH Wong & Co  Bagi pihak responden - Mohamad Zaki Azmi; T/n Hoe & Ahmad Zaki
[2016] 1 LNS 1177	LIM AH TOO @ LIM HAN BOON & SATU LAGI lwn. MERAPOH RESOURCES CORPORATION SDN BHD UNDANG-UNDANG SYARIKAT: Penggulungan - Bantahan kepada petisyen - Petisyen penggulungan difailkan selepas responden gagal membuat bayaran jumlah yang dipersetujui di dalam perjanjian persetujuan - Sama ada pempetisyen berhak memfailkan petisyen penggulungan - Sama ada perjanjian persetujuan bercanggah dengan s. 223 Akta Syarikat 1965 - Sama ada responden boleh mempertikaikan perjanjian persetujuan - Sama ada perintah penggulungan wajar dibenarkan  Bagi pihak pempetisyen-pempetisyen - Tham Shien Shyong; T/n Ong And Manecksha  Bagi pihak perayu/responden - Kevin Sathiaseelan @ Joshua Kevin; T/n Kevin & Co
[2016] 1 LNS 1232	MAYLAND DEVELOPMENT SDN BHD & ANOR v. TANJUNG TERAS SDN BHD CIVIL PROCEDURE: Res judicata - Estoppel - Estoppel by election - Similar proceedings - Different parties - Plaintiff decided to take action against one party previously on recovery of debt and against different party in present suit concerning same debt - Common interest between parties in subject matter of litigation - Whether doctrine of res judicata extends to parties' privies - Whether defendants have privy of interests COMPANY LAW: Separate legal entity - Lifting the veil of incorporation - Special circumstances - Action against a company over debt due and owing by different company - Plaintiff alleged defendant company acted fraudulently to deprive plaintiff of payment from a different company - Whether special circumstances exist justifying lifting of veil of incorporation of defendants in order to make them responsible to pay for debts due and owing by a different company to plaintiff - Whether fraud proven to justify lifting of corporate veil - Whether there was sufficient justification to pierce corporate veil  For the appellants/defendants - Simon Hong; M/s Donny & Hong  For the respondent/plaintiff - S Ramesh; M/s Ramakrishnan & Associates
[2017] 1 LNS 201	TOKO INOMOTO & ORS v. MAHKAMAH PERUSAHAAN MALAYSIA & ANOR CONTRACT: Employment contract - Fixed term contract - Legitimate expectation - Whether there could arise any legitimate expectation to be employed beyond that fixed term contract LABOUR LAW: Employment - Fixed term contract - Effect of non-renewal - Company gave notice to employees that their employment contracts would not be renewed - Employees considered themselves as having been dismissed without just cause or excuse - Whether employees were permanent employees - Whether employment contracts came to a natural end at expiry of fixed term - Whether contract in question was for a fixed term - Issue of construction of the contract  For the applicants - Anand Ponnudurai, Rajinder Singh & Charles Chong; M/s Rajinder & Goh  For the second respondent - Vijayan Venugopal; M/s Shearn Delamore & Co
[2017] 1 LNS 547	AMIR EISKANDAR CIK MAT lwn. PP PROSEDUR JENAYAH: Rayuan - Rayuan terhadap hukuman - Kesalahan di bawah ss. 376(3) & 376B(3) Kanun Keseksaan - Pertuduhan rogol dan sumbang mahram - Hukuman penjara selama 15 tahun dari tarikh sabitan dan 12 kali sebatan rotan- Sama ada hukuman yang dijatuhkan adalah wajar dikekalkan UNDANG-UNDANG JENAYAH: Kanun Keseksaan - Seksyen 376(3) & 376B(3) - Rogol dan sumbang mahram - Tertuduh meminta maaf beberapa kali kepada mangsa selepas kejadian - Sama ada elemen kemasukan telah dibuktikan - Sama ada tindak-tanduk tertuduh selepas kejadian rogol adalah fakta yang material - Sama ada pengaduan yang dibuat oleh mangsa sebaik sahaja kejadian rogol berlaku merupakan satu keterangan yang menguatkan lagi kesahihan keterangan mangsa - Sama ada ketiadaan kesan DNA asing pada cadar mewujudkan satu lompang  Bagi pihak perayu - Ravi Chandran Subash Chandran; T/n SC Ravi & Associates  Bagi pihak penentang - Jalaini, Timbalan Pendakwa Raya; Penasihat Undang-Undang Negeri Pulau Pinang
[2017] 1 LNS 1304	AN BOON SENG (SUING AS FATHER AND PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OF TAN MENG LEONG, DECEASED AND HIS DEPENDENTS) v. MOHD AKHIR JAB & ANOR ROAD TRAFFIC: Appeal - Collision between motorcycle and lorry - Contributory negligence - Road Transport Act 1987, s. 41(1) & Road Traffic Rules 1959, r. 10  For the appellant - Shuroma Guha Thakurta; M/s Manjit & Company  For the respondents - Kaniamuthan; M/s VP Nathan & Partners

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CLJ 2018 Volume 8 (Part 1)

COURT OF APPEAL

Bank Pertanian Malaysia Bhd v. Amir Firdaus Nordin
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA
(Bankruptcy - Notice - Setting aside - Application for) [2018] 8 CLJ 1 [CA]

 For the appellant - V Ganesalingam & Jasbeer Singh; M/s Rastam Singa & Co
 For the respondent - Amir Firdaus Nordin & Roseli Abd Ghani; M/s A G Roseli & Assocs 

Chen Kong Theatres Sdn Bhd (In Liquidation) & Ors v. Lee Giok Tee & Anor
Alizatul Khair Osman, Mary Lim, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA
(Civil Procedure - Appeal - Notice of appeal - Appeal against order of winding up of company - Notice of appeal not served on liquidator of company) [2018] 8 CLJ 10 [CA]

 For the appellants - Wallace Wong & Jerry Ling Young Tuen; M/s Lee Ling & Partners
 For the respondents - Eugene Choong Kuok Yuen; M/s PC Chong & Co 

Emas Kiara Sdn Bhd v. Michael Joseph Monteiro & Ors; Farcoll Estate Sdn Bhd & Ors (Interveners)
Badariah Sahamid, Mary Lim JJCA, Suraya Othman J
(Contract - Agreement - Concluded contract - Whether there was consensus ad idem) [2018] 8 CLJ 17 [CA]

 For the respondent - Cecil Abraham, Benjamin Dawson, Koh San Tee, Aniz Ahmad Amirudin, Yeoh Jie Hu & Austen Pereira; M/s Benjamin Dawson
 For the interveners - Gideon Tan & Alfred Lai; M/s Gideon Tan Razali Zaini 

Ramachandram Appalanaidu & Ors v. Gasing Meridian Sdn Bhd
Balia Yusof Wahi, Zakaria Sam, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid JJCA
(Civil Procedure - Judgments and orders - Ex parte stay order - Discharge of) [2018] 8 CLJ 48 [CA]

 For the appellants - Malik Imtiaz Sarwar, Balbir Singh, Pavendeep Singh & Ho How Keong; M/s Najiana Wan Balbir
 For the respondent - Joslyne Delano Gooting, RR Sethu & Lum May Lan; M/s L Lum & Co
 Watching brief - Jason Gopal; M/s M L Lum & Co 

Thanaletchimy Batamallai v. Vijaya Kumar Kassinathan
David Wong Dak Wah, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid, Hasnah Mohammed Hashim JJCA
(Family Law - Children - Custody - Care, custody and control of child) [2018] 8 CLJ 61 [CA]

 For the appellant - Ranjan Chandran & Sazarina Said; M/s Ramesh Yum & Co
 For the respondent - Ghazali Nik Taib; M/s Noor Jihan Ghazali & Co 

University Of Malaya (University Malaya Medical Centre) v. FBSM Ctech Sdn Bhd
Rohana Yusuf, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Zaleha Yusof JJCA
(Contract; Company Law; Civil Procedure - Privity - Subcontract - Subcontractor obtained judgment for payment against main contractor, causing main contractor to wind up) [2018] 8 CLJ 71 [CA]

 For the appellant - Fahri Azzat & Nurul Rafeeza Hamdan; M/s Fahri & Co
 For the respondent - Vincent Lim & Emily Wong; M/s Dennis Nik & Wong 

HIGH COURT

Country Heights Holdings Bhd v. Ketua Pengarah Hasil Dalam Negeri & Another Case
Asmabi Mohamad J
(Revenue Law - Real property gains tax - Assessment - Notices of assessment and notices of additional assessment) [2018] 8 CLJ 79 [HC]

 For the appellant - Vijey M Krishnan; M/s Raja, Darryl & Loh
 For the respondent - Seri Hanem Mohd Ayob; FC 

Kerajaan Negeri Selangor v. Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya Malaysia & Ors (No 3)
Azizul Azmi Adnan J
(Election - Election Commission - Review of constituencies - Challenge against proposed recommendations on review of division of Federal and State constituencies in Selangor) [2018] 8 CLJ 111 [HC]

 For the applicant - Cyrus Das, Ambiga Sreenevasan, Derek Fernandez, Latheefa Koya & Lim Wei Jiet; M/s Daim & Gamany
 For the respondents - Amarjeet Singh, Alice Loke, Suzana Atan, Shamsul Bolhassan, Azizan Md Arshad & Nik Azrin Zairin Nik Abdullah; SFCs

SUBJECT INDEX

BANKRUPTCY

Notice - Setting aside - Application for - Application to set aside second bankruptcy notice - First bankruptcy notice previously set aside - Res judicata - Whether applicable - Whether there was adjudication by court of issues raised - Whether filing of affidavit in reply by judgment creditor in order - Whether in breach of r. 22 of Bankruptcy Rules
Bank Pertanian Malaysia Bhd v. Amir Firdaus Nordin
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA) [2018] 8 CLJ 1 [CA]

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Appeal - Notice of appeal - Appeal against order of winding up of company - Notice of appeal not served on liquidator of company - Whether ought to be served on liquidator - Whether liquidator directly affected by appeal - Whether failure to serve notice of appeal on liquidator rendered appeal defective - Whether appeal competent - Rules of the Court of Appeal 1994, r. 6
Chen Kong Theatres Sdn Bhd (In Liquidation) & Ors v. Lee Giok Tee & Anor
(Alizatul Khair Osman, Mary Lim, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA) [2018] 8 CLJ 10 [CA]

Judgments and orders - Ex parte stay order - Discharge of - Appeal against - Whether ex parte stay order an injunction - Whether order directed to restrain performance of act or conduct by other party to proceeding - Whether order could be directed to suspending operation of an authority's decision - Whether court ought to look at substance rather than form - Rules of the High Court 1980, O. 32 r. 6
Ramachandram Appalanaidu & Ors v. Gasing Meridian Sdn Bhd
(Balia Yusof Wahi, Zakaria Sam, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid JJCA) [2018] 8 CLJ 48 [CA]

Judgments and orders - Ex parte stay order - Discharge of - Damages - Whether payable - Whether undertaking as to damages ought to be given by applicant of interim relief - Whether aggrieved party entitled to claim for damages
Ramachandram Appalanaidu & Ors v. Gasing Meridian Sdn Bhd
(Balia Yusof Wahi, Zakaria Sam, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid JJCA) [2018] 8 CLJ 48 [CA]

Striking out - Application for - Application to strike out appeal - Appeal against order of winding up decision - Non-service of notice of appeal on liquidator of company - Whether rendered appeal defective - Whether ought to be struck out - Rules of the Court of Appeal 1994, r. 6
Chen Kong Theatres Sdn Bhd (In Liquidation) & Ors v. Lee Giok Tee & Anor
(Alizatul Khair Osman, Mary Lim, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA) [2018] 8 CLJ 10 [CA]

Striking out - Application for - Contract and subcontract - Subcontractor claimed for payment against employer - Whether there was privity of contract between employer and subcontractor - Whether there were triable issues - Whether ought to be struck out - Rules of Court 2012, O. 18 r. 19
University Of Malaya (University Malaya Medical Centre) v. FBSM Ctech Sdn Bhd
(Rohana Yusuf, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Zaleha Yusof JJCA) [2018] 8 CLJ 71 [CA]

COMPANY LAW

Liquidation - Creditor - Subcontractor obtained judgment for payment against main contractor, causing main contractor to wind up - Subcontractor sanctioned as creditor and claimed against employer - Whether subcontractor could represent main contractor to sue and recover monies payable by employer to main contractor - Ambit of liquidator's powers - Whether liquidator empowered to sanction creditor to sue on behalf of company in liquidation - Companies Act 1965
University Of Malaya (University Malaya Medical Centre) v. FBSM Ctech Sdn Bhd
(Rohana Yusuf, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Zaleha Yusof JJCA) [2018] 8 CLJ 71 [CA]

CONTRACT

Agreement - Concluded contract - Whether there was consensus ad idem - Whether there was valid contract between parties - Correspondence between parties - Whether there was conclusion to any offer or acceptance - Elements to prove existence of contract - Whether fulfilled by parties - Whether there was binding contract - Whether specific relief could be allowed
Emas Kiara Sdn Bhd v. Michael Joseph Monteiro & Ors; Farcoll Estate Sdn Bhd & Ors (Interveners)
(Badariah Sahamid, Mary Lim JJCA, Suraya Othman J) [2018] 8 CLJ 17 [CA]

Privity - Subcontract - Employer terminated contract with main contractor, leading to termination of contract between main contractor and subcontractor - Subcontractor obtained judgment for payment against main contractor, causing main contractor to wind up - Subcontractor sanctioned as creditor and claimed against employer - Whether subcontractor could represent main contractor to sue and recover monies payable by employer to main contractor - Whether there was privity of contract between employer and subcontractor - Whether there was cause of action - Whether 'privity of contract' same as 'privity of interest'
University Of Malaya (University Malaya Medical Centre) v. FBSM Ctech Sdn Bhd
(Rohana Yusuf, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Zaleha Yusof JJCA) [2018] 8 CLJ 71 [CA]

ELECTION

Election Commission - Review of constituencies - Challenge against proposed recommendations on review of division of Federal and State constituencies in Selangor - Whether proposed recommendations violated art. 113(2) of Federal Constitution read together with s. 2(c) and (d) of Thirteenth Schedule - Whether proposed recommendations based on current electoral rolls - Whether electoral roll used in delimitation exercise defective - Whether information and particulars in s. 4 notice adequate - Whether curial intervention warranted
Kerajaan Negeri Selangor v. Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya Malaysia & Ors (No 3)
(Azizul Azmi Adnan j) [2018] 8 CLJ 111 [HC]

FAMILY LAW

Children - Custody - Care, custody and control of child - Husband aggressive and abusive towards wife - Wife left matrimonial home with child - Child taken forcibly from wife and wife denied access from seeing child - Child taken care by paternal grandmother - Whether care, custody and control of child ought to be given to husband and paternal grandmother to preserve status quo - Whether in best interest of child - Right of biological mother to child - Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976, s. 88(3)
Thanaletchimy Batamallai v. Vijaya Kumar Kassinathan
(David Wong Dak Wah, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid, Hasnah Mohammed Hashim JJCA) [2018] 8 CLJ 61 [CA]

REVENUE LAW

Real property gains tax - Assessment - Notices of assessment and notices of additional assessment - Notices of assessment and notices of additional assessment - Whether time-barred - Whether Special Commissioner of Income Tax erred in interpretation of s. 15(2) of Real Property Gains Tax Act 1976 - Whether s. 16(1) applicable to appellant who is neither disposer or acquirer of property - Whether acquirer and disposers filed returns in prescribed forms prior to assessments - Whether wilful default established - Whether appellant ought to be discharged from notice of assessment and penalty
Country Heights Holdings Bhd v. Ketua Pengarah Hasil Dalam Negeri & Another Case
(Asmabi Mohamad J) [2018] 8 CLJ 79 [HC]

Real property gains tax - Assessment - Notices of assessment and notices of additional assessment - Whether time-barred - Whether DGIR could rely on s. 15(2) of Real Property Gains Tax Act 1976 to extend time bar - Whether s. 15(2) only applicable to 'disposer' of property - Whether appellant issued notices of assessment in capacity as acquirer - Whether DGIR could enlarge time for assessment to make good the loss of tax purportedly due to fraud or wilful default
Country Heights Holdings Bhd v. Ketua Pengarah Hasil Dalam Negeri & Another Case
(Asmabi Mohamad J) [2018] 8 CLJ 79 [HC]

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LNS Article(s)

1. UNLEASHING THE POTENTIAL OF CASH WAQF* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   MOHAMMAD MAHBUBI ALI [2018] 1 LNS(A) lxxix

[2018] 1 LNS(A) lxxix



MALAYSIA

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UNLEASHING THE POTENTIAL OF CASH WAQF*

MOHAMMAD MAHBUBI ALI

Waqf has a long history in Islam. It has played—and, in many cases, continues to play—a pivotal role in the advancement of the socioeconomic wellbeing of the Muslim community. Many phenomenal architectural relics and public infrastructures all over the world, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, throughout the centuries, were funded by waqf. Al-Azhar University in Egypt, University of Cordova in Spain and Al - Noori Hospital in Damascus, to name a few, are among the public projects financed by waqf funds. Some waqf institutions have survived for more than a millennium.

. . .

* Published with kind permission of the International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies (IAIS) Malaysia. (www.iais.org.my).

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2. CLARIFYING TURQUAND'S RULE* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   CHRISTAL WONG AI MEI [2018] 1 LNS(A) lxxx

[2018] 1 LNS(A) lxxx



MALAYSIA

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CLARIFYING TURQUAND'S RULE*

CHRISTAL WONG AI MEI

IN THIS ARTICLE, CHRISTAL WONG AI MEI LOOKS AT THE APPLICATION OF TURQUAND’S RULE IN MALAYSIA.

The rule in the case of Royal British Bank v. Turquand^[1] is commonly known as “Turquand’s Rule” or the “indoor management rule”. It stipulates that an “outsider” dealing with a company in good faith is entitled to assume that there has been compliance with the Articles of Association and bylaws of the company and that the “outsider” need not question the formalities of the internal proceedings of a company.

Turquand’s Rule was applied in the Federal Court case of Pekan Nenas Industries Sdn Bhd v. Chang Ching Chuen & Ors^[2] and its application has recently been clarified by the Federal Court in the case of Kang Hai Holdings Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Lee Lai Bian^[3] (“Kang Hai Holdings”).

. . .

* Published with kind permission of M/s Shearn Delamore & Co.

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3. RIGHT OF CHILDREN TO HEALTH UNDER THE NIGERIAN CHILD'S RIGHT ACT: EXPLORING THE IMPLEMENTATION STRATAGEMS ^{[Read excerpt]}
   Abdul Raheem Taofeeq Abolaji, Ph.D*AbdulRazaq O. Abdulkadir, Ph.D** [2018] 1 LNS(A) lxxxi

[2018] 1 LNS(A) lxxxi



NIGERIA

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RIGHT OF CHILDREN TO HEALTH UNDER THE NIGERIAN CHILD'S RIGHT ACT:
EXPLORING THE IMPLEMENTATION STRATAGEMS

Abdul Raheem Taofeeq Abolaji Ph.D*
AbdulRazaq O. Abdulkadir Ph.D**

ABSTRACT

Right to health is an inherent right of children that is recognised by Nigerian Law. This right is very essential for the development of children’s development. According to the World Health Organization, Nigeria is one of the five countries that contribute 50% to the annual global mortality of infants and children below five years of age. This shows that the protection of children must be given priority. Meanwhile, Nigeria has a majority of Muslims who constitute about 51% of the population. Therefore, this paper intends to examine the right of children to health under Nigerian law particularly under the Child Rights Act. The role of government and the parents towards the implementat ion of this paramount right are discussed. To achieve this, a qualitative method will be adopted and in doing so, analysis of both primary and secondary materials will be used. The study thus concludes that full implementation of children’s right to health under Nigerian law will assist them to develop mentally and physically.

. . .

* Ph.D, (USIM, Malaysia) LL.M (O.A.U., Ile-Ife), LL.B (Ilorin), B.L., Lecturer, Department of Islamic Law, Faculty of Law, University of Ilorin.

** Ph.D (IIUM, Malaysia), LL.M (O.A.U., Ile-Ife), LL.B (Ilorin), B.L., Lecturer, Department of Private and Property Law, Faculty of Law, University of Ilorin.

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4. ADMISSABILITY OF VICTIM IMPACT STATEMENTS IN THE ACT* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   TANYA SKVORTSOVA⁺RAE-ANN KHAZMA⁺⁺ [2018] 1 LNS(A) lxxviii

[2018] 1 LNS(A) lxxviii



AUSTRALIA

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ADMISSABILITY OF VICTIM IMPACT STATEMENTS IN THE ACT*

TANYA SKVORTSOVA⁺
RAE-ANN KHAZMA⁺⁺

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Victim Impact Statements are an essential part of the criminal sentencing process. However, there is a tension between the right of a victim to express the impact an offence has had on them, and the right of a defendant to ensure that the court only receives material relevant to the offence for which they stand to be sentenced.

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The Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse recently issued a report on recommended reform of the Criminal Justice System. Victim Impact Statements were a topic addressed in that report.

Victim Impact Statements are an essential part of the sentencing process in criminal matters. These statements are prepared by victims: people who often don’t have an appreciation of the legal rules of admissibility. However, they are a rare opportunity for a victim to express, within the scope of the prosecutorial process, the impact an offence has had on them.

. . .

* Published with kind permission of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory. See Ethos No. 245 September 2017.

+ Tanya Skvortsova and Rae-ann Khazma are Prosecutors with the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, ACT. The views expressed in this article are their own and not those of the Office of the DPP.

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CLJ Article(s)

1. COMPULSORY LICENSE UNDER THE MALAYSIA PATENTS ACT 1983 AND COMPETITION ACT 2010 ^{[Read excerpt]}
   HALIZA A SHUKOR* & PROF DR NAZURA ABDUL MANAP** [2018] 8 CLJ(A) i

[2018] 8 CLJ(A) i



MALAYSIA

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COMPULSORY LICENSE UNDER THE MALAYSIA
PATENTS ACT 1983 AND COMPETITION ACT 2010

HALIZA A SHUKOR* & PROF DR NAZURA ABDUL MANAP**

Abstract

Compulsory license has been identified as a form of remedy for refusal to license especially in matters relating to the licensing of intellectual property. In fact, both the patent law and competition law permit compulsory license which is based on various reasons. Thus, this article seeks to identify and analyse the provisions relating to compulsory license under the Patents Act 1983 and under the Competition Act 2010.

Introduction

Compulsory license is referred to as a procedure in which authorities license the rights in a patent, particularly the right to make, use, sell or import a product under the patent, to companies or individuals other than the patent owner without the permission of the patent owner.^[1] Similar definition on compulsory license can be found in the "The agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights" ('TRIPS agreement') when it emphasises the usage of a patent by a Government or third party without the authorisation of the right holder^[2] and also under the Patents Act 1983 which highlights the fact that compulsory license is the performance of exclusive rights of a patent owner without his permission. Hence, it can be said that compulsory license relates to the exploitation of exclusive rights of the patent owner by other person without his permission.

. . .

* Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan

** Faculty of Law, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor

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