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Issue #45/2018 08 November 2018

New This Week Case(s) of the Week MAJLIS PEGUAM v. CECIL WILBERT MOHANARAJ ABRAHAM [2018] 9 CLJ 622 Latest Cases Legal Network Series CLJ 2018 Volume 9 (Part 5) Articles LNS Article(s) CLJ Article(s) Legislation Highlights Principal Acts Amending Acts PU(A) PU(B) Legislation Alert

MAJLIS PEGUAM v. CECIL WILBERT MOHANARAJ ABRAHAM [2018] 9 CLJ 622
COURT OF APPEAL, PUTRAJAYA
TENGKU MAIMUN TUAN MAT JCA, NALLINI PATHMANATHAN JCA, MARY LIM JCA
[CIVIL APPEAL NO: W-02(A)-130-01-2017]
03 JULY 2018

LEGAL PROFESSION: Disciplinary proceedings – Complaint against advocate and solicitor – Complaint by Bar Council to Advocates and Solicitors Disciplinary Board – Complaint that advocate and solicitor involved in or responsible for drafting of statutory declaration affirmed by witness in trial – Disciplinary Committee dismissed complaint – Whether complaint against advocate and solicitor complaint within meaning of law – Legal Profession Act 1970, s. 99 – Legal Profession (Disciplinary Proceedings) (Investigating Tribunal and Disciplinary Committee) Rules 1994 – Legal Profession (Disciplinary Proceedings (Appeal) Rules 1994)

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Legal Network Series

[2018] 1 LNS 32	APEX MARBLE SDN BHD & ANOR v. LEONG TAT YAN ARBITRATION: Stay of proceedings - Section 10(1) Arbitration Act 2005 ('AA') - Stay of proceedings pending reference of dispute for arbitration - Doctrine of separability - Defendant not party to agreement - Whether defendant was entitled to move court for stay of proceedings under s. 10(1) of AA - Whether there was legal pre-requisite that defendant must concede to being a party to agreements before he could invoke s. 10(1) of AA - Whether court may impose any conditions as it deems fit   For the plaintiffs - Dhinesh Bhaskaran, Khor Meyven & Chong Mei-Yan; M/s Shearn Delamore & Co  For the defendant - Chong Joo Tian; M/s JT Chong Associates
[2018] 1 LNS 73	ANILKUMAR BALAKRISHNAN v. SUGANTHI VENGADASALAM CIVIL PROCEDURE: Affidavit - Admissibility - Name of deponent omitted in jurat - Deponent not illiterate in English, Bahasa Malaysia or Chinese - Whether alleged irregularities in affidavits technical defects - Whether court could consider affidavits FAMILY LAW: Children - Custody - Child of tender age - Whether mother entitled to custody of child during nurturing period - Whether paramount consideration in determining custody is child's welfare - Whether presumption under s. 88(3) of Law Reform (Marriage & Divorce) 1976 rebutted  For the plaintiff husband - M Thanakumaran; M/s Thanakumaran & Co  For the defendant wife - Bhama Baskaran; M/s Jayamalar Raman & Co
[2017] 1 LNS 2136	ROMLEE OSMAN lwn. PP PROSEDUR JENAYAH: Rayuan - Rayuan terhadap sabitan dan hukuman - Kesalahan merogol - Ketiadaan kerelaan mangsa - Hukuman penjara selama 14 tahun dan 8 sebatan rotan - Mangsa merupakan OKU - Tertuduh mempunyai hubungan kekeluargaan dengan mangsa - Sama ada hukuman yang telah dijatuhkan adalah setimpal dengan kesalahan yang telah dilakukan - Sama ada faktor kepentingan awam, keseriusan dan kekerapan kes perlu diambil kira  Bagi pihak perayu - Badrul Hisham Abdullah; T/n Badrul, Samad, Faik & Co  Norshuhada Mohd Yatim, Timbalan Pendakwa Raya; Pejabat Penasihat Undang-Undang
[2017] 1 LNS 698	CHONG KON HEE & SATU LAGI lwn. B JAGANATH BALAKRISHNAN GANTI RUGI: Rayuan - Kuantum - Ganti rugi am - Kehilangan pendapatan - Hakim bicara mengawadkan kehilangan pendapatan kepada responden sebagai pengurus pusat tuisyen untuk 12 bulan - Responden hanya mengemukakan sijil cuti sakit selama 4 bulan sahaja - Laporan perubatan mengesahkan responden mengalami kecacatan yang serius akibat kecederaan - Sama ada sijil cuti sakit selama 4 bulan sudah cukup untuk membuktikan responden memang mengalami kecederaan yang serius akibat daripada kemalangan - Sama ada keterangan responden bahawa beliau tidak dapat bekerja untuk 12 bulan boleh diterima GANTI RUGI: Rayuan - Kuantum - Ganti rugi am - Kehilangan keupayaan pendapatan - Kecederaan dan keilatan yang serius - Sebahagian besar pendapatan responden adalah melalui perniagaan-perniagaan - Kerja-kerja yang memerlukan fizikal yang sihat - Sama ada responden berupaya untuk menjalankan kerja-kerja secara tersendiri - Sama ada responden terpaksa menggaji pekerja lain untuk menjalankan kerja-kerja - Sama ada terdapat pengurangan kepada pendapatan responden - Sama ada awad yang diberikan adalah betul mengikut s. 28A Akta Undang-Undang Sivil 1956  Bagi pihak perayu/defendan-defendan - G Shanmuka Thasan; T/n Khoo & Sidhu  Bagi pihak responden/plaintif - Inderpal Singh; T/n Saleem Gill & Partners
[2017] 1 LNS 896	AARON DARSHAN SHANMUGAM lwn. CHONG TEIK HON & SATU LAGI LALULINTAS JALAN: Kecuaian - Kemalangan jalan raya - Penentuan tanggungan - Perlanggaran antara motorsikal dan kereta - Sumbang cuai - Kemalangan berlaku ketika kereta membelok ke arah kanan laluan motorsikal - Penunggang motorsikal mengakui menyedari kereta pada jarak 7 hingga 8 kaki - Jalan yang lurus dan tiada halangan pandangan - Sama ada penunggang motorsikal tidak memberikan tumpuan sepenuhnya atas jalan raya - Sama ada penunggang motorsikal turut cuai sumbang dalam kemalangan GANTIRUGI: Rayuan - Kehilangan pendapatan - Kehilangan keupayaan bekerja - Plaintif tidak dapat kembali bekerja sebagai pengajar bermain dram selepas kemalangan - Kecederaan menyebabkan kecacatan 25% - Tiada resit-resit pembayaran kepada pelajar dikemukakan - Ibubapa pelajar telah dipanggil memberi keterangan menyokong plaintif bekerja pada tarikh kemalangan - Hakim bicara membuat pemotongan 1/3 jumlah pendapatan sebagai 'living expenses' - Sama ada pekerjaan plaintif memerlukan kepakaran yang khusus dalam bidang muzik - Sama ada pemotongan 1/3 yang dibuat telah mengikut trend moden dan wajar diterima - Sama ada plaintif wajar diberikan gantirugi kehilangan keupayaan bekerja GANTIRUGI: Rayuan - Ganti rugi khas - Bil perubatan - Bil perubatan dibayar oleh insuran - Perbelanjaan 'out of pocket' - Hakim bicara tidak membenarkan bayaran bil perubatan yang dibayar oleh insuran - Sama ada bil perubatan yang dibayar oleh insuran wajar ditolak GANTIRUGI: Rayuan - Ganti rugi khas - Bil perubatan - Penggantian keseluruhan lutut kanan - Hakim bicara membenarkan 1/3 kos pembedahan yang disarankan hospital swasta - Sama ada kos yang dituntut adalah munasabah - Sama ada pembedahan penggantian lutut boleh dilakukan di hospital kerajaan GANTIRUGI: Rayuan - Ganti rugi khas - Perbelanjaan perjalanan - Hakim bicara telah memotong 1/3 perbelanjaan perjalanan yang dituntut - Sama ada pemotongan 1/3 adalah wajar  Bagi pihak perayu/plaintif - Baldev Singh Bhar; T/n Syarikat Baldev Bhar  Bagi pihak responden-responden/defendan-defendan - Tang Khye Kian; T/n Tang Khye Kian & Co

 

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CLJ 2018 Volume 9 (Part 5)

FEDERAL COURT

Kondisi Utama Sdn Bhd v. Baltic Agencies Pte Ltd & Another Appeal
Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin PCA, Hasan Lah, Azahar Mohamed, Zaharah Ibrahim, Prasad Sandosham Abraham FCJJ
(Contract - Breach - Agreement - Whether there was contract between parties - Whether there was implied contract made partly in writing and partly by conduct and performance between parties) [2018] 9 CLJ 561 [FC]

(Civil Appeal No: 02(f)-89-12-2015(T))
 For the appellant - Harpal Singh Grewal, Teh Boon Eng & Reny Rao; M/s Teh & Assocs
 For the respondent - Muhammad Shafee Abdullah, Jasbeer Singh & Revathi Kamalanathan; M/s Jasbeer Nur & Lee
(Civil Appeal No: 02(f)-90-12-2015(T))
 For the appellant - Shahul Hameed Amirudin, Norliza Rasool Khan, Bryan Teo Wee Xin & Farah Shuhadah Razali; M/s Zul Rafique & Partners
 For the 1st respondent - Muhammad Shafee Abdullah, Jasbeer Singh, Revathi Kamalanathan; M/s Jasbeer Nur & Lee
 For the 2nd respondent - Harpal Singh Grewal, Teh Boon Eng & Reny Rao; M/s Teh & Assocs 

COURT OF APPEAL

La Kaffa International Co Ltd v. Loob Holding Sdn Bhd & Another Appeal
Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Badariah Sahamid, Rhodzariah Bujang JJCA
(Civil Procedure - Application for prohibitory injunction by franchisor to restrain franchisee from running similar business) [2018] 9 CLJ 593 [CA]

(Civil Appeal No: W-02(IM)(IPCV)-1261-07-2017)
 For the appellant - Khoo Guan Huat, Kwan Will Sen & Melissa Long; M/s Skrine
 For the respondent - Loh Siew Cheang, Cindy Goh Joo Seong, Yap Mong Jay, Verene Tan Yeen Yi & Lim Kuan; M/s Cheang & Ariff
(Civil Appeal No: W-02(IM)(IPCV)-W-02(IM)(IPCV)-1275-07-2017)
 For the appellant - Loh Siew Cheang, Cindy Goh Joo Seong, Yap Mong Jay, Verene Tan Yeen Yi & Lim Kuan; M/s Cheang & Ariff
 For the respondent - Khoo Guan Huat, Kwan Will Sen & Melissa Long; M/s Skrine 

Majlis Peguam v. Cecil Wilbert Mohanaraj Abraham
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Mary Lim JJCA
(Legal Profession - Disciplinary proceedings - Whether complaint against advocate and solicitor complaint within meaning of law) [2018] 9 CLJ 622 [CA]

 For the appellant - Bastian Vendargon, Lai Chee Hoe, Lim Soo Ching & Anne Verdargon; M/s Chee Hoe & Assocs
 For the respondent - Rishwant Singh & Shahul Hameed Amirudin; M/s Cecil Abraham & Partners 

Menteri Kesejahteraan Bandar, Perumahan Dan Kerajaan Tempatan & Anor v. Ang Ming Lee & Ors And Other Appeals
David Wong Dak Wah, Hasnah Mohammed Hashim, Harmindar Singh Dhaliwal JJCA
(Administrative Law; Contract - Judicial review - Exercise of discretion - Application by developer for extension of time for delivery of vacant possession - Minister granted extension - Whether decision beyond jurisdiction) [2018] 9 CLJ 640 [CA]

(Civil Appeal No: W-01(A)-80-03-2017)
 For the apellants - Khairul Nizam Mohd Kamal; SFC
 For the respondents - KL Wong, Albert Soo, Viola De Cruz, Andrew Chan & Koh Kean Kang; M/s KL Wong
(Civil Appeal No: W-01(A)-81-03-2017)
 For the apellants - Khairul Nizam Mohd Kamal; SFC
 For the respondents - Audrey Lim; M/s Shui Tai
(Civil Appeal No: W-01(A)-86-03-2017)
 For the apellants - Khairul Nizam Mohd Kamal; SFC
 For the respondents - KL Wong, Albert Soo, Viola De Cruz, Andrew Chan & Koh Kean Kang; M/s KL Wong
(Civil Appeal No: W-01(A)-400-03-2017)
 For the appellants - George Varughese, Johan Mohan Abdullah & Azhana Mohd Khairudin; M/s Johan Arafat Hamzah & Mona
 For the respondents - KL Wong, Albert Soo, Viola De Cruz, Andrew Chan & Koh Kean Kang; M/s KL Wong
(Civil Appeal No: W-01(A)-451-03-2017)
 For the appellants - George Varughese, Johan Mohan Abdullah & Azhana Mohd Khairudin; M/s Johan Arafat Hamzah & Mona
 For the respondents - KL Wong, Albert Soo, Viola De Cruz, Andrew Chan & Koh Kean Kang; M/s KL Wong
Watching brief:
 For the Bar Council - Nicholas Chang & Elison Wong
 For REHDA - Pretam Singh Darshan Singh & Amarpreet Kaur Randhawa 

Yeoh Jin Aik & Anor v. HSBC Bank (Malaysia) Bhd & Another Appeal
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA
(Banking - Banker and customer - Forgery - Whether bank liable for acts of employee as its agent) [2018] 9 CLJ 652 [CA]

 For the appellants - M Thayalan; M/s Thayalan & Assocs
 For the respondent - Benjamin Dawson, Ooi Ai Yen, Ng Juen Yee & Quay Hui Shien; M/s Benjamin Dawson 

HIGH COURT

Blue Ocean Biotech Sdn Bhd v. Pengarah Tanah Dan Daerah Galian Negeri Perak & Ors
Anselm Charles Fernandis JC
(Civil Procedure; Land Law; Limitation - Application to strike out claim - Whether pleadings disclosed reasonable cause of action - Whether abuse of process of court) [2018] 9 CLJ 661 [HC]

 For the plaintiff - Zulkifli Zabidin; M/s Kumar Jaspal Quah & Aishah
 For the 1st & 2nd defendants - Teoh Chin Chong; State Legal Advisor, Perak
 For the 3rd defendant - Justine Devakumar; M/s Wan & Wan 

Vyishnu Jerome Raveenderen v. Perbadanan Pengurusan Twin Towers & Another Case
Lim Chong Fong J
(Tort - Negligence - Damages - Claimant fell and smashed against glass wall of games room of condominium and suffered various injuries) [2018] 9 CLJ 677 [HC]

(Civil Appeal No: PA-12B-48-10-2017)
 For the appellant - Khaw Veon Szu & Chang Mooi Yim; M/s Veon Szu & Kok Thye
 For the respondent - Rajivan Nambiar; M/s Reza Rahim & Rajivan
(Civil Appeal No: PA-12B-50-10-2017)
 For the appellant - Rajivan Nambiar; M/s Reza Rahim & Rajivan
 For the respondent - Khaw Veon Szu & Chang Mooi Yim; M/s Veon Szu & Kok Thye 

SUBJECT INDEX

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Judicial review - Exercise of discretion - Application by developer for extension of time for delivery of vacant possession - Minister granted extension - Whether decision beyond jurisdiction - Whether reg. 11(3) of Housing Development (Control and Licensing) Regulations 1989 ultra vires Housing Development (Control and Licensing) Act 1966 - Whether purchasers given right to be heard prior to decision - Whether decision affected rights of purchasers to claim damages in event of delay - Whether decision valid
Menteri Kesejahteraan Bandar, Perumahan Dan Kerajaan Tempatan & Anor v. Ang Ming Lee & Ors And Other Appeals
(David Wong Dak Wah, Hasnah Mohammed Hashim, Harmindar Singh Dhaliwal JJCA) [2018] 9 CLJ 640 [CA]

BANKING

Banker and customer - Forgery - Act of forgery by bank's employee - Whether losses to customers attributed to act of forgery - Mere silence of customers upon receipt of statements - Whether defence of estoppel or acquiescence available to bank - Effect of forgery - Whether vitiated mandate given by customers - Whether rendered investments by customers unauthorised - Whether bank could commit forgery - Whether bank liable for acts of employee as its agent
Yeoh Jin Aik & Anor v. HSBC Bank (Malaysia) Bhd & Another Appeal
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA) [2018] 9 CLJ 652 [CA]

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Injunction - Mandatory injunction - Application for - Parties entered into franchise agreement - Franchise agreement terminated - Franchisee exited franchise and started similar business with franchisor - Franchisor sought to restrain franchisee from running similar business by way of prohibitory order - Application for mandatory injunction by franchisee to restrain franchisor from interfering with business - Franchisee Act 1998, s. 27
La Kaffa International Co Ltd v. Loob Holding Sdn Bhd & Another Appeal
(Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Badariah Sahamid, Rhodzariah Bujang JJCA) [2018] 9 CLJ 593 [CA]

Injunction - Prohibitory injunction - Application for - Parties entered into franchise agreement - Franchise agreement terminated - Franchisee exited franchise and started similar business with franchisor - Application for prohibitory injunction by franchisor to restrain franchisee from running similar business - Whether franchisee permitted to set up rivalry business - Whether prohibitory injunction ought to be granted - Franchise Act 1998, s. 27
La Kaffa International Co Ltd v. Loob Holding Sdn Bhd & Another Appeal
(Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Badariah Sahamid, Rhodzariah Bujang JJCA) [2018] 9 CLJ 593 [CA]

Mode of commencement - Challenging act of public authority - Land matters - Whether filing of writ of summons proper - Whether should have been by way of judicial review - Rules of Court 2012, O. 53
Blue Ocean Biotech Sdn Bhd v. Pengarah Tanah Dan Daerah Galian Negeri Perak & Ors
(Anselm Charles Fernandis JC) [2018] 9 CLJ 661 [HC]

Striking out - Application for - Application to strike out claim - Writ of summons and amended statement of claim - Land matters - Whether pleadings disclosed reasonable cause of action - Whether abuse of process of court - Rules of Court 2012, O. 18 r. 19(1)(a), (b), (c) & (d)
Blue Ocean Biotech Sdn Bhd v. Pengarah Tanah Dan Daerah Galian Negeri Perak & Ors
(Anselm Charles Fernandis JC) [2018] 9 CLJ 661 [HC]

CONTRACT

Breach - Agreement - Project involving dredging, reclamation and marine infrastructure development works - Failure to make requisite payment for dredgers and vessels supplied - Whether there was contract between parties - Whether joint venture existed - Whether there was implied contract made partly in writing and partly by conduct and performance between parties - Whether obligations involved in executing works shared by parties - Whether intention of parties that companies would work together - Whether one party deliberately sidelined and deprived of gains - Whether there was breach of contract
Kondisi Utama Sdn Bhd v. Baltic Agencies Pte Ltd & Another Appeal
(Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin PCA, Hasan Lah, Azahar Mohamed, Zaharah Ibrahim, Prasad Sandosham Abraham FCJJ) [2018] 9 CLJ 561 [FC]

Housing development - Sale and purchase agreement - Agreement provided for delivery of vacant possession in 36 months - Application by developer for extension of time for delivery of vacant possession - Minister granted extension - Whether decision beyond jurisdiction - Whether reg. 11(3) of Housing Development (Control and Licensing) Regulations 1989 ultra vires Housing Development (Control and Licensing) Act 1966 - Whether purchasers given right to be heard prior to decision - Whether decision affected rights of purchasers to claim damages in event of delay - Whether decision valid
Menteri Kesejahteraan Bandar, Perumahan Dan Kerajaan Tempatan & Anor v. Ang Ming Lee & Ors And Other Appeals
(David Wong Dak Wah, Hasnah Mohammed Hashim, Harmindar Singh Dhaliwal JJCA) [2018] 9 CLJ 640 [CA]

LAND LAW

Licence - Temporary occupation licence - Applicant's temporary occupation licence not renewed by State Authority - Whether applicant had proprietary rights over land - Whether State Authority could decline to renew temporary occupation licence - Whether State Authority had any statutory duty to explain reason for cancellation of temporary occupation licence - National Land Code, s. 65(1)
Blue Ocean Biotech Sdn Bhd v. Pengarah Tanah Dan Daerah Galian Negeri Perak & Ors
(Anselm Charles Fernandis JC) [2018] 9 CLJ 661 [HC]

LEGAL PROFESSION

Disciplinary proceedings - Complaint against advocate and solicitor - Complaint by Bar Council to Advocates and Solicitors Disciplinary Board - Complaint that advocate and solicitor involved in or responsible for drafting of statutory declaration affirmed by witness in trial - Disciplinary Committee dismissed complaint - Whether complaint against advocate and solicitor complaint within meaning of law - Legal Profession Act 1970, s. 99 - Legal Profession (Disciplinary Proceedings) (Investigating Tribunal and Disciplinary Committee) Rules 1994 - Legal Profession (Disciplinary Proceedings (Appeal) Rules 1994)
Majlis Peguam v. Cecil Wilbert Mohanaraj Abraham
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Mary Lim JJCA) [2018] 9 CLJ 622 [CA]

LIMITATION

Public authorities - Filing of suit - Lands matters - Action against public authority - Whether within time stipulated - Whether action time-barred - Public Authorities Protection Act 1948 s. 2(a)
Blue Ocean Biotech Sdn Bhd v. Pengarah Tanah Dan Daerah Galian Negeri Perak & Ors
(Anselm Charles Fernandis JC) [2018] 9 CLJ 661 [HC]

TORT

Negligence - Damages - Claim for general and special damages - Appeal - Claimant fell and smashed against glass wall of games room of condominium and suffered various injuries - Claim against management corporation of condominium for negligence and failure to ensure games room was safe for usage - Whether claims backed by supporting documents - Whether Sessions Court awarded fair and appropriate sum to claimant
Vyishnu Jerome Raveenderen v. Perbadanan Pengurusan Twin Towers & Another Case
(Lim Chong Fong J) [2018] 9 CLJ 677 [HC]

Negligence - Liability - Appeal - Claimant fell and smashed against glass wall of games room of condominium and suffered various injuries - Claim against management corporation of condominium for negligence and failure to ensure games room was safe for usage - Whether management corporation liable - Whether management corporation took necessary steps to ensure safety of games room - Whether there was contributory negligence by claimant - Whether claimant failed to observe management corporation's house rules - Whether claimant bound by management corporation's house rules
Vyishnu Jerome Raveenderen v. Perbadanan Pengurusan Twin Towers & Another Case
(Lim Chong Fong J) [2018] 9 CLJ 677 [HC]

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LNS Article(s)

1. WILL THE BATTLE BETWEEN THE TAXI INDUSTRY AND THE E-HAILING OPERATORS BE FINALLY PUT TO REST?* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   LAI ZHEN PIK [2018] 1 LNS(A) cxv

[2018] 1 LNS(A) cxv



MALAYSIA

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WILL THE BATTLE BETWEEN THE TAXI INDUSTRY AND THE E-HAILING OPERATORS BE FINALLY PUT TO REST?*

LAI ZHEN PIK

IN THIS ARTICLE, LAI ZHEN PIK DISCUSSES THE NEW REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR E-HAILING OPERATORS.

Introduction

The introduction of the e-hailing system had changed the landscape of public transport in Malaysia and, at the same time, intensified the competition in the taxi industry. Whilst the taxi industry was subject to specific regulatory requirements there was previously no express law to regulate the operation of the e-hailing system. Many taxi drivers had spoken out against the unfairness of burdening the taxi industry with such requirements when the e-hailing industry was not regulated.^[1]

. . .

* Published with kind permission of M/s Shearn Delamore & Co.

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2. MICROTAKAFUL IN INDONESIA: WHERE ARE WE NOW?* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   MOHAMMAD MAHBUBI ALI [2018] 1 LNS(A) cxvii

[2018] 1 LNS(A) cxvii



MALAYSIA

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MICROTAKAFUL IN INDONESIA: WHERE ARE WE NOW?*

MOHAMMAD MAHBUBI ALI

Indonesia is one of the most attractive Islamic financial markets in Asia, as it is home to the world’s largest Muslim population and Southeast Asia’s biggest economy. The country has huge potential for growth in Islamic finance, including the microtakaful.

Microtakaful is an important yet untapped segment of Islamic finance. This is particularly true considering the fact that approximately 115 million Indonesians fall into the lower-income category. The fact that Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) accounted for 99.99% of business enterprises in the country and 97.16% of employment in 2013 further highlights the undisputable potential of this segment. The penetration rate of the takaful industry in Indonesia stood at only 0.08% in 2015, which is an indicator that there is much room for the sector to grow.

. . .

* Published with kind permission of the International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies (IAIS) Malaysia. (www.iais.org.my).

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3. CYBER SECURITY
   URGENT UPDATE ON RISKS* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   GAVIN LEE** [2018] 1 LNS(A) cxvi

[2018] 1 LNS(A) cxvi



AUSTRALIA

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CYBER SECURITY
URGENT UPDATE ON RISKS*

GAVIN LEE**

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An update on scams involving the electronic transfer of funds to clients' bank accounts.

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In the December issue of Ethos, I described recent claims involving solicitors interstate who have been the target of scams involving the electronic transfer of funds to clients’ bank accounts.

While preparing for the Cyber Risk seminar as part of the Law Society’s excellent CPD Intensive in February, I discovered more details about the procedure used by the scammers to defraud solicitors of their clients’ funds.

I confirm that this scam has been successful (for the scammer) interstate. The details are so alarming that I felt it warranted an urgent update to my previous warning.

. . .

* Published with kind permission of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory. See Ethos No. 247 March 2018.

** Manager, Act Law Society PII Scheme, Arthur J Gallagher

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4. INTERROGATING PROSECUTION OF JUDICIAL OFFICER CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA: REVIEW OF JUSTICE HYELADZIRA AJIYA NGANJIWA V. FRN (2018) 4 NWLR (PT 1609) 301 ^{[Read excerpt]}
   IBRAHIM IMAM* [2018] 1 LNS(A) cxviii

[2018] 1 LNS(A) cxviii



NIGERIA

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INTERROGATING PROSECUTION OF JUDICIAL OFFICER CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA:
REVIEW OF JUSTICE HYELADZIRA AJIYA NGANJIWA V. FRN (2018) 4 NWLR (PT 1609) 301

IBRAHIM IMAM*

ABSTRACT

That there is corruption in the Nigerian judiciary is a well known and an undisputable fact. Indeed, the dilemma of the perception of Nigerian's judiciary as corrupt is a major factor contributing to socio-economic development of the country. The recent arrest of some judges for corruption by the EFCC and DSSS indeed confirmed this perception. However, this action of the executive through its agencies has met serious criticisms. Against this criticism the paper analyses the judgment of Ngwata v. FRN to investigate the propriety of these criticisms particularly the position of the court that the executive action offended the principle of separation of power and if at all a judicial officer must be prosecuted the NJC disciplinary measure is a condition precedent. The paper employs a doctrinal and descriptive method for its analysis.

. . .

*Ph.D., LLB (UDU Sokoto); LL.M (OAU Ile-Ife); and Ph.D. (Unilorin); is a Senior Lecturer, Former Sub-Dean, Ag. H.O.D. Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria +234803 227 7371. omotosho200620@yahoo.com

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CLJ Article(s)

1. REYNOLDS PRIVILEGE DEFENCE IN MALAYSIA: THE AFTERMATH OF DR SYED AZMAN SYED AHMAD NAWAWI & ORS v. DATO' SERI HJ AHMAD SAID [2015] 7 CLJ 180 AND SYARIKAT BEKALAN AIR SELANGOR SDN BHD v. TONY PUA KIAM WEE [2015] 8 CLJ 477 ^{[Read excerpt]}
   FARHEEN BAIG SARDAR BAIG & ASHGAR ALI MOHAMED* [2018] 9 ILR(A) xv

[2018] 9 ILR(A) xv



MALAYSIA

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REYNOLDS PRIVILEGE DEFENCE IN MALAYSIA: THE AFTERMATH OF DR SYED AZMAN SYED AHMAD NAWAWI & ORS v. DATO' SERI HJ AHMAD SAID [2015] 7 CLJ 180
AND SYARIKAT BEKALAN AIR SELANGOR SDN BHD v. TONY PUA KIAM WEE [2015] 8 CLJ 477

FARHEEN BAIG SARDAR BAIG & ASHGAR ALI MOHAMED*

Introduction

This article follows from part 1 in which some observations were made by the authors on the Reynolds privilege defence and how it differed from the defence of qualified privilege. In part 1, the confusion that arose from a wrong plea of defences was extracted and brought to light. To continue in this article, the authors submit that the confusion had surfaced with variations of the defences pleaded, pre and post-Dr Syed Azman and Syarikat Bekalan. Below are the cases that followed after the landmark case of Reynolds v. Times Newspaper that had propounded the Reynolds privilege defence. The purpose of the table is to show how the defence was pleaded in cases where an action for defamation arose due to widespread publication of disparaging words.

The table starts with the plea in Jameel Mohamed v. Wall Street Journal Europe SPRL [2006] UKHL 44 (Jameel), where the defence was clearly deliberated by the House of Lords. Following Jameel, the Malaysian cases from 2010 onwards in the table will surprisingly show the variations of the plea and a defence that is under appreciated and barely understood. An analysis of these cases would show how the courts have gradually resolved the confusion in the aftermath of Dr Syed Azman and Syarikat Bekalan. Note that the authors have only selected the cases decided at the superior courts of Malaysia although there have been more cases tried at the High Court.

. . .

* Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, International Islamic University Malaysia

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Principal Acts

Amending Acts

PU(A)

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