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Issue #47/2018 22 November 2018

New This Week Case(s) of the Week PP v. CHONG CHIENG JEN & ANOR [2018] 10 CLJ 92 Latest Cases Legal Network Series CLJ 2018 Volume 10 (Part 1) Articles LNS Article(s) Legislation Highlights Principal Acts Amending Acts PU(A) PU(B) Legislation Alert

PP v. CHONG CHIENG JEN & ANOR [2018] 10 CLJ 92
HIGH COURT SABAH & SARAWAK, KUCHING
RAVINTHRAN PARAMAGURU J
[CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: KCH-42-AC-11-9-2017]
06 APRIL 2018

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: Fundamental liberties – Freedom of assembly – Respondents charged under Peaceful Assembly Act 2012 – Charges related to street protest – Definition of street protest – Participants moved from hotel to venue where approved peaceful assembly was held – Large crowd of participants encroached onto public roads and prominently displayed banners and flags supporting a particular cause – Whether intended walk metamorphosed into street protest within meaning of Peaceful Assembly Act 2012 – Whether dominant purpose or secondary purpose of mass march negated offence of street protest – Whether there was prima facie evidence of participation of respondents – Whether elements of offence under s. 4(2)(c) of Peaceful Assembly Act 2012 established

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Legal Network Series

[2018] 1 LNS 233	TANG HOOI KHENG v. TITULAR ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP OF PENANG CIVIL PROCEDURE: Appeal - Record of appeal - Record of appeal filed and served out of time - Record of appeal filed without respondent's approval on draft index - Absence of application for extension of time - Whether there was breach of timelines prescribed under O. 55 r. 4 of Rules of Court 2012 - Whether O. 2 r. 1 of Rules of Court 2012 could be resorted to excuse appellant LAND LAW: Vacant possession - Claim for - Vacant possession of both premise under tenancy and an annex building - Tenant constructed and utilized an annex building next to premise under tenancy without consent of landlord - Whether there was agreement to permit tenant to construct annex building - Whether landlord was entitled to vacant possession of both premises under tenancy and building annexed to premises  For the appellant - Mirzawati Ahmad; M/s Mirzawati & Associates  For the respondent - John Heah Wee Theng; M/s John Heah & Co
[2018] 1 LNS 237	PNG OXYGEN LIMITED v. LIM KOK CHUAN CIVIL PROCEDURE: Reciprocal enforcement of judgments - Enforcement of foreign judgment - Judgment of court from Papua New Guinea - Country not listed in First Schedule of Reciprocal Enforcement of Judgments Act 1958 - Judgment pending appeal - Whether judgment was enforceable by way of an action in common law - Whether defendant had submitted to jurisdiction of Papua New Guinea Court - Whether commencement of an appeal could stay enforcement of judgment automatically - Whether defence of public policy available - Whether defendant satisfied defences alluded to in See Hua Daily News v. Tan Thien Chin & Ors  For the plaintiff - See Liang Teck; M/s See Ramsun & Tan  For the defendant - Ang Woei Shang; M/s WS Ang & Associates
[2018] 1 LNS 119	MOHD RUSZAINI MISLAN v. PP CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: Charge - Whether defective - Failure to specify date of incident - Whether charge provided sufficient materials - Whether omission in charge prejudicial to accused CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: Sentence - Whether manifestly excessive - Eighteen years imprisonment and ten strokes of cane - Sexual offence against child who was sister of accused - Whether appellate intervention warranted - Whether lower court departed from sentencing precedents involving cases on similar facts - Grounds on which to interfere with lower court's decision EVIDENCE: Corroboration - Prior statements of witness - Statements made by complainant to doctor after rape - Whether independent - Whether made at first reasonable opportunity -- Whether amounts to corroborative evidence - Evidence Act 1950, s. 157 EVIDENCE: Corroboration - Sexual offence - Sworn evidence of complainant - Discrepancies in complainant's evidence - Complainant unsure whether incident mentioned in police report was third or fourth sexual act - Whether deemed unworthy of credit - Whether corroboration required EVIDENCE: Cross-examination - Failure to put one's case to a witness - Failure of defence to put to complainant that her evidence was untrue as he was working at the material time - Matter raised later as defence - Whether defence was an afterthought  For the appellant - Faizal Rahman; M/s Faizal Rahman & Co  For the respondent - Farah Wahida Mad Nor & Aidatul Azura Zainal Abidin; Deputy Public Prosecutor of Selangor
[2017] 1 LNS 928	BABU ADIAH & SATU LAGI lwn. PP PROSEDUR JENAYAH: Pendakwaan - Kes pendakwaan - Pembuktian prima facie - Kesalahan di bawah s. 135(1)(e) Akta Kastam 1967 ('Akta 1967') - Barang-barang larangan - Ketiadaan bukti bahawa barang-barang yang diangkut oleh tertuduh adalah barang-barang larangan - Ketiadaan keterangan daripada pihak kastam yang mengesahkan bahawa barang-barang yang diangkut tertuduh adalah barang-barang larangan - Sama ada pihak pendakwaan telah gagal membuktikan elemen-elemen s. 135(1)(e) Akta 1967- Sama ada kes prima facie telah dibuktikan PROSEDUR JENAYAH: Rayuan - Rayuan terhadap sabitan - Kekhilafan hakim bicara - Kesalahan di bawah s. 135(1)(e) Akta Kastam 1967- Hakim bicara menyatakan hanya dua elemen sahaja perlu dibuktikan oleh pihak pendakwaan - Niat tertuduh tidak dibuktikan pihak pendakwaan - Sama ada hakim bicara telah tersalah arah - Sama ada ketinggalan hakim bicara untuk menimbang persoalan niat telah menyebabkan salah laksana keadilan - Sama ada s. 422 Kanun Tatacara Jenayah terpakai UNDANG-UNDANG JENAYAH: Akta Kastam 1967 - Seksyen 135(1)(e) - Niat - Sama ada elemen-elemen di bawah s. 135(1)(e) telah dibuktikan - Sama ada elemen niat untuk menipu kerajaan berkenaan duti perlu dibuktikan  Bagi pihak perayu pertama & perayu kedua - Mohd Razak Sharif; T/n MR Sharif & Co  Bagi pihak responden - Muhammad Shukri Hussain, Timbalan Pendakwa Raya
[2017] 1 LNS 926	VISHNU MOORTHY RAJA SINGAM lwn. DATO' ACRYL SANI ABDULLAH SANI (PENGARAH JABATAN SIASATAN JENAYAH PERDAGANGAN) & YANG LAIN PENAHANAN PENCEGAHAN: Habeas corpus - Tahanan - Perintah reman - Penahanan berdasarkan perintah reman oleh Magistret di bawah s. 4(2)(a) Akta Pencegahan Jenayah 1959 ('APJ') - Kegiatan penipuan pelaburan wang asing - Sama ada segala kehendak peruntukan s. 4(2)(a) APJ telah dipatuhi - Sama ada penahanan pemohon adalah sah di sisi undang-undang - Sama ada writ habeas corpus wajar dibenarkan PENTAFSIRAN BERKANUN: Skop statut - Akta Pencegahan Jenayah 1959 ('APJ') - Sama ada APJ telah digubal dengan objektif utamanya untuk mencegah perbuatan jenayah di Malaysia secara lebih berkesan - Sama ada APJ merangkumi kes-kes perdagangan - Sama ada pemakaian APJ adalah meluas bagi maksud pencegahan jenayah secara berkesan  Bagi pihak pemohon - P Uthayakumar; T/n Kumar Hashimah & Co  Bagi pihak responden-responden - Mohamad Al-Saifi Hj Hashim & Muhammad Sinti, Timbalan Pendakwa Raya; Kementerian Dalam Negeri

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CLJ 2018 Volume 10 (Part 1)

FEDERAL COURT

See Leong Chye & Anor v. United Overseas Bank Bhd & Another Appeal
Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin PCA, Zainun Ali, Azahar Mohamed, Zaharah Ibrahim, Balia Yusof Wahi FCJJ
(Land Law; Jurisdiction – Indefeasibility of title and interests – Deferred or immediate – Whether there was valid registrable issue document of title) [2018] 10 CLJ 1 [FC]

(Civil Appeal No. 01(f)-5-03-2017 (B))
 For the appellants - Andrew Chiew Ean Vooi & Arthur Ng Wei Meng; M/s Rastam Singa & Co
 For the respondent - S Selvarajah, Rewathy Krishnan Kutty, Sharuni Tarmaraja & James Lopez; M/s Lee Hishammuddin Allen & Gledhill
(Civil Appeal No: 02(f)-8-03-2017 (B))
 For the appellant - S Selvarajah, Rewathy Krishnan Kutty, Sharuni Tarmaraja & James Lopez; M/s Lee Hishammuddin Allen & Gledhill
 For the respondents - Andrew Chiew Ean Vooi & Arthur Ng Wei Meng; M/s Rastam Singa & Co
 Jabatan Insolvensi Malaysia - Norina Zainol Abidin; SFC 

COURT OF APPEAL

Cheong Teik Keon v. PP
Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Ab Karim Ab Jalil, Rhodzariah Bujang JJCA
(Criminal Law – Murder – Defence – Plea of insanity) [2018] 10 CLJ 36 [CA]

 For the appellant - Hisyam Teh Poh Teik; M/s Teh Poh Teik & Co
 For the prosecution - Dhiya Syazwani Izyan Mohd Akhir; DPP 

Lai Soon Onn v. Chew Fei Meng & Other Appeals
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA
(Civil Procedure; Securities; Tort – General mandatory offer – Control of shares in company – Failure by shareholders to make mandatory general offer) [2018] 10 CLJ 48 [CA]

(Civil Appeal No: W-02(IM)(NCC)-2221-12-2016)
 For the appellant - Alex Tan Che Sian; M/s Wong Kian Kheong
 For the respondent - Justin Wee Kim Fang; M/s Justin Wee
(Civil Appeal No: W-02(IM)(NCC)-324-02-2017)
 For the appellant - Alex Tan Che Sian; M/s Wong Kian Kheong
 For the respondent - Richard Tee & Karen Tan; M/s Richard Tee & Chin
(Civil Appeal No: W-02(IM)(NCC)-325-02-2017)
 For the appellant - Alex Tan Che Sian; M/s Wong Kian Kheong
 For the Respondent - Tay Yee Boon & Felix Saw Chia Hui; M/s David Lai & Tan
(Civil Appeal No: W-02(IM)(NCC)-326-02-2017)
 For the appellant - Alex Tan Che Sian; M/s Wong Kian Kheong
 For the respondent - Sankar Supramaniam; M/s Khaw & Partners 

Soonly Metal Works v. NCN Marketing Sdn Bhd
David Wong Dak Wah, Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Mary Lim JJCA
(Civil Procedure – Trial – Procedure – Consolidation of suits – Refusal of) [2018] 10 CLJ 73 [CA]

 For the appellant - Manian K Marappan; M/s Manian K Marappan & Co
 For the respondent - Diljit Kaur Puran Singh; M/s Diljit & Co 

HIGH COURT

IJM Construction Sdn Bhd v. Lingkaran Luar Butterworth (Penang) Sdn Bhd
See Mee Chun J
(Civil Procedure – Arbitration – Res judicata – Trust monies) [2018] 10 CLJ 85 [HC]

 For the plaintiff - GH Tee; M/s GH Tee & Co
 For the defendant - Faisal Moideen & Nereen Kaur; M/s Moideen & Max 

PP v. Chong Chieng Jen & Anor
Ravinthran Paramaguru J
(Constitutional Law – Fundamental liberties – Freedom of assembly – Definition of street protest – Whether elements of offence under s. 4(2)(c) of Peaceful Assembly Act 2012 established) [2018] 10 CLJ 92 [HC]

 For the prosecution - Kamal Baharin Omar, Hayda Faridzal Abu Hassan & Haresh Prakash; DPPs
 For the respondents - Chong Siew Chiang, Gobind Singh Deo, Michael Kong, Tan Kee Heng & Roger Chin; M/s Chong Brothers Advocs 

United Plantations Bhd v. Majlis Daerah Sabak Bernam
Mohd Yazid Mustafa J
(Local Government – Rates – Assessment – Valuation of annual value of holding) [2018] 10 CLJ 104 [HC]

 For the appellant - Anand Raj, Foong Pui Chi & Jess Ngo Hui Zhong; M/s Shearn Delamore & Co
 For the respondent - Farah Nur Atiqah Bahari; M/s Nazrin Nasir T Anand & Co 

Michiel UR David & Yang Lain lwn. Majlis Ugama Islam & Adat Resam Melayu Pahang
Salehuddin Abd Manaf HMTS
(Undang-undang Islam; Undang-undang Pentadbiran – Keluar daripada Agama Islam – Permohonan pengisytiharan sebagai bukan Islam) [2018] 10 CLJ 111 [HC]

 Bagi pihak pemohon - Amalia Mohamad Said; T/n Wong Law & Ti
 Bagi pihak responden - Tidak diwakili 

SUBJECT INDEX

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Arbitration – Res judicata – Trust monies – Application for retention monies to be deposited into separate fixed deposit accounts – Earlier application to arbitrator dismissed – Whether plaintiff’s application rendered res judicata – Whether retention monies being trust monies required to be kept in separate fixed deposit accounts – Arbitration Act 2005, ss. 11(1)(e), (f), (g), 19
IJM Construction Sdn Bhd v. Lingkaran Luar Butterworth (Penang) Sdn Bhd
(See Mee Chun J) [2018] 10 CLJ 85 [HC]

Striking out – Application for – Application to strike out claim based on tort of conspiracy – Whether claimant entitled to reliefs sought – Whether claimant had locus standi and existing legal right – Whether claim premature – Whether provisions of Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 complied with – Whether there was prior ruling by Securities Commission on contravention of provisions of the Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 – Rules of Court 2012, O. 18 r. 19(1)
Lai Soon Onn v. Chew Fei Meng & Other Appeals
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA) [2018] 10 CLJ 48 [CA]

Trial – Procedure – Consolidation of suits – Refusal of – Whether determination of plaintiff’s claim dependent on determination of another suit – Whether other suit ought to be resolved together with plaintiff’s claim – Whether ought to be jointly tried – Whether court could conduct trials or adjudicate related claims arising from same events and issues on instalment basis – Whether court could direct parties to confine themselves to only certain issues – Whether parties would be caught in a vicious cycle of injustice – Whether fit case for order that there was mistrial – Whether there was miscarriage of justice – Courts of Judicature Act 1964, s. 71
Soonly Metal Works v. NCN Marketing Sdn Bhd
(David Wong Dak Wah, Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Mary Lim JJCA) [2018] 10 CLJ 73 [CA]

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Fundamental liberties – Freedom of assembly – Respondents charged under Peaceful Assembly Act 2012 – Charges related to street protest – Definition of street protest – Participants moved from hotel to venue where approved peaceful assembly was held – Large crowd of participants encroached onto public roads and prominently displayed banners and flags supporting a particular cause – Whether intended walk metamorphosed into street protest within meaning of Peaceful Assembly Act 2012 – Whether dominant purpose or secondary purpose of mass march negated offence of street protest – Whether there was prima facie evidence of participation of respondents – Whether elements of offence under s. 4(2)(c) of Peaceful Assembly Act 2012 established
PP v. Chong Chieng Jen & Anor
(Ravinthran Paramaguru J) [2018] 10 CLJ 92 [HC]

CRIMINAL LAW

Murder – Defence – Plea of insanity – Accused person wrote email few hours before murder – Whether motive implied from email – Whether there was act of premeditation to commit murder – Whether motive negated plea of insanity – Difference in expert opinions – Whether accused person coherent, logical and rational – Penal Code, ss. 84 & 302
Cheong Teik Keon v. PP
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Ab Karim Ab Jalil, Rhodzariah Bujang JJCA) [2018] 10 CLJ 36 [CA]

JURISDICTION

Court of Appeal – Appeal from High Court – Powers and duties – Whether Court of Appeal has unfettered powers to hear appeals – Whether may draw inferences of fact, give any judgment and make any order which ought to have been given or made and make such further or other orders – Whether applied correct tests – Whether Court of Appeal allowed to infer implied terms into agreement – Courts of Judicature Act 1964, s. 69(1) & (4)
See Leong Chye & Anor v. United Overseas Bank Bhd & Another Appeal
(Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin PCA, Zainun Ali, Azahar Mohamed, Zaharah Ibrahim, Balia Yusof Wahi FCJJ) [2018] 10 CLJ 1 [FC]

LAND LAW

Indefeasibility of title and interests – Charge – Chargee bank provided financing for purchase of land secured by charge over land – Whether chargee bank subsequent purchaser in good faith for valuable consideration – Whether there was valid registrable issue document of title – Whether ‘purchaser’ includes anyone acquiring interest in land – Whether ‘interest’ includes charge – Whether charges indefeasible – National Land Code, s. 340(2)(a) & (b) & (3)
See Leong Chye & Anor v. United Overseas Bank Bhd & Another Appeal
(Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin PCA, Zainun Ali, Azahar Mohamed, Zaharah Ibrahim, Balia Yusof Wahi FCJJ) [2018] 10 CLJ 1 [FC]

Indefeasibility of title and interests – Deferred or immediate – Chargee bank provided financing for purchase of land secured by charge over land – Whether chargee bank subsequent purchaser in good faith for valuable consideration – Whether there was valid registrable issue document of title – Whether ‘purchaser’ includes anyone acquiring interest in land – Whether ‘interest’ includes charge – Whether charges indefeasible – National Land Code, s. 340(2)(a) & (b) & (3)
See Leong Chye & Anor v. United Overseas Bank Bhd & Another Appeal
(Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin PCA, Zainun Ali, Azahar Mohamed, Zaharah Ibrahim, Balia Yusof Wahi FCJJ) [2018] 10 CLJ 1 [FC]

Sale of land – Transfer – Pre-condition for transfer – Whether sufficiently pleaded – Whether implied from terms of letter of undertaking – Failure to satisfy pre-condition – Whether transfer of land could be effected – Whether redemption sum ought to be returned
See Leong Chye & Anor v. United Overseas Bank Bhd & Another Appeal
(Zulkefli Ahmad Makinudin PCA, Zainun Ali, Azahar Mohamed, Zaharah Ibrahim, Balia Yusof Wahi FCJJ) [2018] 10 CLJ 1 [FC]

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Rates – Assessment – Valuation of annual value of holding – Originating motion seeking declaration that annual rate imposed null and void – Whether respondent rendered services to appellant – Whether appellant benefited from respondent’s services – Whether appellant had duty to pay valuation rate – Whether valuation rate valid in law – Local Government Act 1976, ss. 130(1) & 146
United Plantations Bhd v. Majlis Daerah Sabak Bernam
(Mohd Yazid Mustafa J) [2018] 10 CLJ 104 [HC]

SECURITIES

General mandatory offer – Control of shares in company – Failure by shareholders to make mandatory general offer – Claim for declaratory reliefs under ss. 357 and 360 of Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 – Whether claimant entitled to reliefs sought – Whether claimant satisfied conditions under s. 41 of Specific Relief Act 1950 – Whether compliance with Malaysian Code on Take-over and Mergers relevant requirement – Whether ruling by Securities Commission condition precedent to action – Whether claim premature
Lai Soon Onn v. Chew Fei Meng & Other Appeals
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA) [2018] 10 CLJ 48 [CA]

TORT

Conspiracy – Breach of statutory duties – Allegation that shareholders breached statutory duties under Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 – Failure to make certain individuals co-defendants – Whether claim sustainable – Whether non-inclusion of other tortfeasors amounted to release of their liability
Lai Soon Onn v. Chew Fei Meng & Other Appeals
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA) [2018] 10 CLJ 48 [CA]

INDEKS PERKARA

UNDANG-UNDANG ISLAM

Keluar daripada Agama Islam – Permohonan pengisytiharan sebagai bukan Islam – Pemohon-pemohon memeluk Islam tetapi ingin bebas menganut agama asalnya Hindu – Pemohon-pemohon menafikan kepercayaan Islamnya dan tidak pernah ikut agama Islam – Keterangan saksi-saksi mengesahkan pemohon-pemohon selalu ke kuil dan membuat aktiviti perayaan keagamaan Hindu diterima sebagai bayyinah bawah s. 83(2) Enakmen Keterangan Mahkamah Syariah (Negeri Pahang) 2005 – Sama ada pemohon pertama melafazkan syahadah tanpa mengetahui makna kalimah dan gagal melaksanakan tuntutan syahadah secara zahir dan batin – Pemohon kedua tidak mengucap dua kalimah syahadah dan tiada saksi mengesahkan prosedur pemelukan agama Islam – Pemelukan Islam pemohon-pemohon tidak sah menurut Hukum Syarak dan undang-undang – Sama ada mahkamah boleh mensabitkan status Islam anak kandung pemohon-pemohon sebagai sah – Pemelukan Islam pemohon-pemohon tidak sempurna berdasarkan s. 101(1) Enakmen Pentadbiran Undang-Undang Islam (Negeri Pahang) 1991 – Sama ada pemohon-pemohon kekal dengan agama asalnya
Michiel UR David & Yang Lain lwn. Majlis Ugama Islam & Adat Resam Melayu Pahang
(Salehuddin Abd Manaf HMTS) [2018] 10 CLJ 111 [HC]

UNDANG-UNDANG PENTADBIRAN

Bidang kuasa – Mahkamah Syariah – Permohonan mengisytiharkan diri sebagai bukan Islam – Bidang kuasa mendengar kes keluar daripada agama Islam – Sama ada diberi secara implikasi dan tersirat pada mahkamah – Sama ada Mahkamah Syariah berbidang kuasa mendengar dan memutuskan kes – Enakmen Pentadbiran Undang-Undang Islam 1991, s. 47(2)(b)(ix)
Michiel UR David & Yang Lain lwn. Majlis Ugama Islam & Adat Resam Melayu Pahang
(Salehuddin Abd Manaf HMTS) [2018] 10 CLJ 111 [HC]

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LNS Article(s)

1. A RADICAL DEPARTURE* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   REENA ENBASEGARAM [2018] 1 LNS(A) cxxiii

[2018] 1 LNS(A) cxxiii



MALAYSIA

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A RADICAL DEPARTURE*

REENA ENBASEGARAM

IN THIS ARTICLE, REENA ENBASEGARAM LOOKS AT THE ISSUE OF RESTRUCTURING THE WAGE SYSTEM OF HOTEL EMPLOYEES.

Introduction

Service charge is a practice unique to the hotel industry whereby it is imposed on the bills issued to the customers. The collected amount is then distributed to the hotel's employees in accordance with the service charge points allocated to each employee, save for 10% which is retained by the hotel to defray the administrative cost incurred in the maintenance of the service charge account, collection and distribution of the service charge. One of the primary objectives of service charge is to supplement the basic salary of employees which is kept low due to the fluctuating nature of the hotel industry.

. . .

* Published with kind permission of M/s Shearn Delamore & Co.

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2. TOLLING BELLS AND UPAS TREES
   Non-perpetrator liability in employment law* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   John Wilson** Kieran Pender*** [2018] 1 LNS(A) cxxiv

[2018] 1 LNS(A) cxxiv



AUSTRALIA

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TOLLING BELLS AND UPAS TREES
Non-perpetrator liability in employment law*

John Wilson**
Kieran Pender***

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Employment law is unusual, if not unique, in the variety of ways in which someone other than the primary wrongdoer can be held liable for a wrong. Human resources staff, directors, accountants, franchisors and possibly even lawyers are all at risk of being found liable as accessories to a wrong.

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One may venture, not improperly, to characterise the modern doctrine of vicarious responsibility for the acts of others as a veritable upas tree. Unknown to the classical jurisprudence of Rome, unfamiliar to the medieval jurisprudence of England, it has attained its luxuriant growth through carelessness and false analogy, and it cannot but operate to check enterprise and penalise commerce. — Thomas Baty, 1916^[1]

. . .

* Published with kind permission of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory. See Ethos No. 247 March 2018.

** Managing Legal Director, Bradley Allen Love

*** Research Associate, Bradley Allen Love

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3. EXPOUNDING THE METHODS OF SOCIAL CONTROL: AN X-RAY OF LAW AND ORDER ^{[Read excerpt]}
   ROSELINE OBADA MOSES-OKE ESQ* [2018] 1 LNS(A) cxxv

[2018] 1 LNS(A) cxxv



NIGERIA

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EXPOUNDING THE METHODS OF SOCIAL CONTROL: AN X-RAY OF LAW AND ORDER

ROSELINE OBADA MOSES-OKE ESQ*

ABSTRACT

Law, in its most general and comprehensive sense, signifies a rule of action; and is applied indiscriminately to all kinds of action, whether animate, or inanimate, rational or irrational. Thus, the laws of motion, of gravitation, of optics, or mechanics, as well as the law of nature and of nations. And it is that rule of action, which is prescribed by some superior, and which the inferior is bound to obey.^[1] The statement "bound to obey" explains the coerciveness of the law which ensures comformity to its precept and purnishes violaters and erring members of the society. In a bid to ensure compliance to the lay down principles; the law further sets out the methods of social control that justice may prevail. The thrust of this work will be to explain in detail the methods of social control, the need and agencies involved in social control.

. . .

* +2348062479391, roselinemosesoke@gmail.com. College of Law, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji Arakeji Osun State, Nigeria.

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