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Issue #50/2018 13 December 2018

New This Week Case(s) of the Week KALAIVANAN SUBRAMANIAM v. PP [2018] 10 CLJ 628 Latest Cases Legal Network Series CLJ 2018 Volume 10 (Part 5) Articles LNS Article(s) Legislation Highlights Principal Acts Amending Acts PU(A) PU(B) Legislation Alert

KALAIVANAN SUBRAMANIAM v. PP [2018] 10 CLJ 628
HIGH COURT MALAYA, JOHOR BAHRU
COLLIN LAWRENCE SEQUERAH J
[CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: 42S-04-05-2016]
27 JULY 2017

CRIMINAL LAW: Firearms (Increased Penalties) Act 1971 – Section 7 – Trafficking in firearms and ammunition – Pistol and bullets found in ceiling of accused’s house – Contradictions involving difference as to time in which firearms and ammunition were discovered – Whether material – Whether accused had control and possession of firearms and ammunition – Whether nexus established between firearms and accused – Evidence Act 1950, ss. 8 & 27 – Whether defence failed to raise reasonable doubt on prosecution’s case – Whether conviction and sentence affirmed

CRIMINAL LAW: Arms Act 1960 – Section 33 – Possession of arms and ammunition for unlawful purpose – Pistol and bullets found in ceiling of accused’s house – Contradictions involving difference as to time in which firearms and ammunition were discovered – Whether material – Whether accused had control and possession of firearms and ammunition – Whether nexus established between firearms and accused – Evidence Act 1950, ss.8 & 27 – Whether defence failed to raise reasonable doubt on prosecution’s case – Whether conviction and sentence affirmed

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: Appeal – Appeal against conviction and sentence – Pistol and bullets found in ceiling of accused’s house – Contradictions involving difference as to time in which firearms and ammunition were discovered – Whether material – Whether accused had control and possession of firearms and ammunition – Whether nexus established between firearms and accused – Whether defence failed to raise reasonable doubt on prosecution’s case – Whether conviction and sentence affirmed – Firearms (Increased Penalties) Act 1971, s. 7 – Arms Act 1960, s. 33 – Evidence Act 1950, ss. 8 & 27

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Legal Network Series

[2018] 1 LNS 105	N VASANTHA RAJAN NAGARAJAN v. YEOH SOON PENG CIVIL PROCEDURE: Judge - Application to recuse judge in relation to application to set aside a trial judgment - Review of Court's own decision - Previous decision made adversely against applicant - Whether any substantial apprehension of real danger of bias - Objective test - Whether more appropriate for applicant to appeal against trial judgment  For the applicant - Ronald Lee Chun Lung; M/s Lee Law Chambers  For the respondent - Tan Kah Hoo & Loh Li Lian; M/s Gan Teik Chee & Ho
[2018] 1 LNS 103	CHING KIM FOO v. YEH YI-LING FAMILY LAW: Divorce petition - Service - Petitioner husband no idea where to serve cause papers - Husband and wife incommunicado for 20 years - Whether appropriate for service of process to be dispensed with - Discretion of the court - Whether dispensation of service necessary or expedient - Divorce and Matrimonial Proceeding Rules 1980, rr. 12, 87 - Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976 FAMILY LAW: Dissolution of marriage - Jurisdiction - Foreigner spouse - Whether Malaysian courts have jurisdiction to grant decree of divorce to petitioner husband - Rules of Court 2012, O. 1 r. 2(2), Appendix C, O. 11  For the petitioner - Tan Lok Heah; M/s Tan Lok Heah & Associates
[2017] 1 LNS 1782	ROBIN ANAK IMBAL lwn. SAC DATO' MOHD RODZI ISMAIL & YANG LAIN UNDANG-UNDANG PENTADBIRAN: Semakan kehakiman - Permohonan untuk - Perlanjutan tempoh masa untuk menfailkan permohonan semakan kehakiman diluar tempoh masa - Budi bicara mahkamah - Kelewatan 2 tahun 4 bulan - Kekhilafan di pihak peguam dalam memberi nasihat guaman kepada pemohon - Sama ada tempoh masa 90 hari merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dan mandatori untuk dipatuhi - Sama ada mahkamah hanya boleh menggunakan budi bicara untuk membenarkan pelanjutan tempoh masa sekiranya terdapatnya alasan-alasan yang baik - Sama ada pemohon wajar dihukum atas kekhilafan peguam - Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah 2012, A. 53 k. 3(6) UNDANG-UNDANG PENTADBIRAN: Semakan kehakiman - Permohonan untuk kebenaran - Semakan kehakiman terhadap keputusan pembuangan kerja oleh Lembaga Tatatertib Bridget Tengah Pasukan Gerakan Am, PDRM - Tindakan tatatertib diambil sebelum prosiding jenayah terhadap pemohon selesai - Sama ada pembuangan kerja melibatkan hak pekerja yang dijamin oleh Perkara 5(1) Perlembagaan Persekutuan - Sama ada pemohon wajar diberi hak untuk didengar - Sama ada kebenaran wajar dibenarkan  Bagi pihak pemohon - Ebrina Zubir; T/n Maniam Nair & Co  Bagi pihak responden - Zaliha Mohd Janis, Peguam Kanan Persekutuan; Unit Guaman Cawangan Selangor, Kamar Penasihat Undang-undang Negeri Selangor
[2017] 1 LNS 1466	MOHD HAFIZ ABD AZIZ lwn. PP PROSEDUR JENAYAH: Rayuan - Campurtangan mahkamah di peringkat rayuan - Pertuduhan dibawah s. 15(1)(a) Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952 - Isu berkenaan specimen dihantar oleh polis telah tercemar telah terlepas daripada penilaian dan pertimbangan - Sama ada terdapat salah arahan oleh hakim bicara - Sama ada mahkamah di peringkat rayuan wajar bercampur tangan PROSEDUR JENAYAH: Pendakwaan - Kes pendakwaan - Pertuduhan di bawah s. 15(1)(a) Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952 - Pengambilan dadah berbahaya keatas diri sendiri - Ketidakpatuhan prosedur dalam pengambilan specimen air kencing tertuduh - Hanya satu botol specimen air kencing digunakan untuk ujian saringan dan ujian patologi - Sama ada terdapat keperluan untuk mengadakan dua botol specimen air kencing - Sama ada Garis Panduan Bagi Ujian Pengesanan Penyalahgunaan Dadah Dalam Air Kencing telah dipatuhi - Sama ada wujud ketidakpatuhan tatacara pengambilan air kencing  Bagi pihak perayu - Charan Singh; T/n Nurul & Charan  Bagi pihak responden - Azrul Faidz Abd Razak, Timbalan Pendakwa Raya; Pejabat Kecil TPR
[2017] 1 LNS 1465	BATHMARAJ ARUMUGAM lwn. TIMBALAN MENTERI DALAM NEGERI, MALAYSIA & YANG LAIN PENAHANAN PENCEGAHAN: Perintah tahanan - Permohonan untuk habeas corpus - Tahanan dibawah s. 6(1) Akta Dadah Berbahaya (Langkah-Langkah Pencegahan Khas) 1985 - Sama ada pegawai penyiasat telah mengemukakan laporan lengkap kepada Menteri - Sama ada rakaman percakapan pemohon merupakan perkara yang mandatori di dalam keputusan Menteri untuk membuat perintah tahanan - Sama ada pemohon telah dinafikan haknya untuk memilih bahasa yang hendak digunakan semasa rakaman percakapan - Sama ada pemohon boleh mencabar kepuasan hati Menteri dalam membuat perintah tahanan  Bagi pihak pemohon - Charan Singh (Chand); T/n Nurul & Charan  Bagi pihak responden-responden - Hemy Annerina Haja Mydin; Peguam Kanan Persekutuan, Kementerian Dalam Negeri

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CLJ 2018 Volume 10 (Part 5)

COURT OF APPEAL

Md Zubir Hamid & Ors v. Zahari Salleh & Ors
Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Abang Iskandar, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat JJCA
(Land Law; Succession - Sale of land - Administrator - Action by beneficiaries of estate) [2018] 10 CLJ 571 [CA]

 For the appellants - Abdul Hadi Ahmad; M/s Abdul Hadi Ahmad & Assocs
 For the 2nd, 3rd & 4th respondents - Nursyahana Ismail & Jennifer Mei Fen; M/s Syahana & Ong 

Metro Luxury Sdn Bhd v. PKNS Engineering & Construction Bhd
Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Badariah Sahamid, Mary Lim JJCA
(Contract - Guarantee - Banker's guarantee - Demand for payment) [2018] 10 CLJ 579 [CA]

 For the appellant - Haniff Khatri & Bryan Teo; M/s Zul Rafique & Partners
 For the respondent - Krishna Dallumah, Indran Kumaragu & Yong Yoong Hooi; M/s Krishna Dallumah, Manian & Indran 

Noor Ismahanum Mohd Ismail v. PP
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Abdul Rahman Sebli JJCA
(Criminal Law - Offences - Money-laundering - Application for forfeiture of properties seized) [2018] 10 CLJ 597 [CA]

 For the appellant - Jamadi Saleh & Farah Saira Abd Razak; M/s Adnan Puteh & Saleh
 For the respondent - Awang Armadajaya Awang Mahmud; DPP 

Zaharah Mustapha Raja Sewa & Anor v. Sagau Batu Bala & Ors And Another Appeal
Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid, Abdul Rahman Sebli JJCA
(Jurisdiction; Land Law; Native Law And Custom - Customary land - Native customary rights ('NCR') - Competing claims of NCR between two natives) [2018] 10 CLJ 613 [CA]

(Civil Appeal No: Q-01(W)-9-01-2016)
 For the appellant - Shankar RP Asnani & Daniel CL Ling; M/s Thomas, Shankar Ram & Co
 For the 1st, 2nd & 4th respondents - Pauline Sagau; M/s Sagau Raja & Co
 For the 3rd respondent - Leslie Linton & Janting Antalai; M/s Batternberg & Talma Advocs
 For the 5th & 6th respondents - Marjanah Adenan & Azreen Fasya Abu Bakar; State Attorney General's Chambers
(Civil Appeal No: Q-02(W) 184-01-2016)
 For the appellant - Pauline Sagau; M/s Sagau Raja & Co
 For the respondents - Shankar RP Asnani & Daniel CL Ling; M/s Thomas, Shankar Ram & Co 

HIGH COURT

Kalaivanan Subramaniam v. PP
Collin Lawrence Sequerah J
(Criminal Law; Criminal Procedure - Firearms (Increased Penalties) Act 1971 - Section 7 - Trafficking in firearms and ammunition - Section 33 - Possession of arms and ammunition for unlawful purpose) [2018] 10 CLJ 628 [HC]

 For the appellant - Ayasamy Velu, Renukadevi Krishnasamy & Aravind Raj; M/s V Samy & Co
 For the prosecution - Nor Iffa Zarila Abd Rahman; DPP 

Yap Ngen Sang v. Yap Yoke Chong
Nordin Hassan J
(Succession - Letters of administration - Revocation of grant - Application for) [2018] 10 CLJ 648 [HC]

 For the plaintiff - Jason Chan; M/s S Mathews & Assocs
 For the defendant - PS Gill; M/s Gill & Tang 

Yeoh Eng Kong v. Choo Kok Yeow & Anor
Su Geok Yiam J
(Civil Procedure; Contract - Termination - Sale and purchase agreement - Claim for damages in lieu of specific performance) [2018] 10 CLJ 659 [HC]

 For the plaintiff - Navinder Singh Jasbir Singh; M/s AJ Ariffin, Yeo & Harpal
 For the defendants - Vanaja Dewi CP Padmanabhan Nambiar; M/s Isharidah, Ho, Chong & Menon 

Yew Mun Khean v. Kumpulan Liziz Sdn Bhd
Hayatul Akmal Abdul Aziz JC
(Labour Law - Employment - Dismissal - Constructive dismissal) [2018] 10 CLJ 684 [HC]

 For the plaintiff - Mahathir Abdullah; M/s Athi Seelan Mahathir & Partners
 For the defendant - Norazali Nordin & Danial Rahman Yang Razali; M/s Maxwell Kenion Cowdy & Jones 

SUBJECT INDEX

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Assessment of damages - Duty of Deputy Registrar - Whether only required to deal with issue of assessment of damages - Refusal by Deputy Registrar to grant any form of damages - Whether amounted to defeating or overriding order by judge - Delay of more than one year in rendering decision on assessment of damages - Whether compromised ability to decide on application
Yeoh Eng Kong v. Choo Kok Yeow & Anor
(Su Geok Yiam J) [2018] 10 CLJ 659 [HC]

CONTRACT

Damages - Specific performance - Termination of sale and purchase agreement - Claim for damages in lieu of specific performance - Property auctioned after termination and before claim disposed of - Measure of damages - Difference between market value and purchase price - Whether intended to put parties in position in which they would have been if agreement completed - Whether loss flowed directly and naturally from vendor's refusal to complete agreement
Yeoh Eng Kong v. Choo Kok Yeow & Anor
(Su Geok Yiam J) [2018] 10 CLJ 659 [HC]

Guarantee - Banker's guarantee - Demand for payment - Terms of performance bond - Whether bank guarantee unconditional and 'on demand' - Whether demand sufficient to trigger payment - Whether 'on demand' guarantee independent of underlying contract - Validity of demand - Liability under bank guarantee
Metro Luxury Sdn Bhd v. PKNS Engineering & Construction Bhd
(Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Badariah Sahamid, Mary Lim JJCA) [2018] 10 CLJ 579 [CA]

Termination - Sale and purchase agreement - Claim for damages in lieu of specific performance - Whether purchasers barred from claiming damages for loss of value - Property auctioned after termination and before claim disposed of - Whether rendered agreement incapable of being performed
Yeoh Eng Kong v. Choo Kok Yeow & Anor
(Su Geok Yiam J) [2018] 10 CLJ 659 [HC]

Termination - Validity - Whether termination valid - Whether appellant failed to complete works within stipulated time
Metro Luxury Sdn Bhd v. PKNS Engineering & Construction Bhd
(Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Badariah Sahamid, Mary Lim JJCA) [2018] 10 CLJ 579 [CA]

CRIMINAL LAW

Arms Act 1960 - Section 33 - Possession of arms and ammunition for unlawful purpose - Pistol and bullets found in ceiling of accused's house - Contradictions involving difference as to time in which firearms and ammunition were discovered - Whether material - Whether accused had control and possession of firearms and ammunition - Whether nexus established between firearms and accused - Evidence Act 1950, ss. 8 & 27 - Whether defence failed to raise reasonable doubt on prosecution's case - Whether conviction and sentence affirmed
Kalaivanan Subramaniam v. PP
(Collin Lawrence Sequerah J) [2018] 10 CLJ 628 [HC]

Firearms (Increased Penalties) Act 1971 - Section 7 - Trafficking in firearms and ammunition - Pistol and bullets found in ceiling of accused's house - Contradictions involving difference as to time in which firearms and ammunition were discovered - Whether material - Whether accused had control and possession of firearms and ammunition - Whether nexus established between firearms and accused - Evidence Act 1950, ss. 8 & 27 - Whether defence failed to raise reasonable doubt on prosecution's case - Whether conviction and sentence affirmed
Kalaivanan Subramaniam v. PP
(Collin Lawrence Sequerah J) [2018] 10 CLJ 628 [HC]

Offences - Money-laundering - Application for forfeiture of properties seized - Illegal deposit-taking scheme - Monies in bank accounts seized - Whether every single cent of monies seized proceeds of illegal deposit-taking - Whether trial judge could rely on conviction of accused person in separate case to make order for forfeiture - Whether identity and status of monies in bank accounts hearsay evidence - Whether properties seized ought to be forfeited - Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorism Financing Act 2001, ss. 4(1) & 32 - Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act 2001, s. 56 - Banking and Financial Institutions Act 1989, s. 25(1)
Noor Ismahanum Mohd Ismail v. PP
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Abdul Rahman Sebli JJCA) [2018] 10 CLJ 597 [CA]

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Appeal - Appeal against conviction and sentence - Pistol and bullets found in ceiling of accused's house - Contradictions involving difference as to time in which firearms and ammunition were discovered - Whether material - Whether accused had control and possession of firearms and ammunition - Whether nexus established between firearms and accused - Whether defence failed to raise reasonable doubt on prosecution's case - Whether conviction and sentence affirmed - Firearms (Increased Penalties) Act 1971, s. 7 - Arms Act 1960, s. 33 - Evidence Act 1950, ss. 8 & 27
Kalaivanan Subramaniam v. PP
(Collin Lawrence Sequerah J) [2018] 10 CLJ 628 [HC]

JURISDICTION

Native Court - Land dispute - Dispute between natives over land within native communal reserve - Lands gazetted as native communal reserve under s. 6 of Sarawak Land Code (Cap. 81) - Whether declaration meant for benefit of whole community - Whether dispute 'shall' be heard in first instance by a District Native Court - Whether filing of claims in High Court ran foul of s. 5(3)(a)(i) and (iii) of Native Courts Ordinance 1992
Zaharah Mustapha Raja Sewa & Anor v. Sagau Batu Bala & Ors And Another Appeal
(Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid, Abdul Rahman Sebli JJCA) [2018] 10 CLJ 613 [CA]

LABOUR LAW

Employment - Dismissal - Constructive dismissal - Employee's refusal to comply with employer's transfer and secondment orders - Whether orders lawful and not made in bad faith - Whether prerogative of employee to veto such orders - Whether there was victimisation - Whether employee voluntarily left employment by not reporting for duty - Whether employee came to court with clean hands - Whether employer retains equal right lawfully to terminate contract - Whether employee constructively dismissed by employer
Yew Mun Khean v. Kumpulan Liziz Sdn Bhd
(Hayatul Akmal Abdul Aziz JC) [2018] 10 CLJ 684 [HC]

LAND LAW

Customary land - Native customary rights ('NCR') - Competing claims of NCR between two natives - Lands gazetted as native communal reserve under s. 6 of Sarawak Land Code (Cap. 81) - Whether challenged - Whether declaration of lands as native communal reserve valid and subsisting - Whether declaration meant for benefit of whole community - Whether individual member of community had exclusive personal rights over land
Zaharah Mustapha Raja Sewa & Anor v. Sagau Batu Bala & Ors And Another Appeal
(Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid, Abdul Rahman Sebli JJCA) [2018] 10 CLJ 613 [CA]

Sale of land - Administrator - Action by beneficiaries of estate - First respondent obtained ex parte court order to appoint himself as sole administrator of deceased's estate - First respondent sold land to purchasers without obtaining leave of court pursuant to s. 60(4) of Probate and Administration Act 1959 - Whether purchasers given good title - Whether sale and purchase of land null and void
Md Zubir Hamid & Ors v. Zahari Salleh & Ors
(Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Abang Iskandar, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat JJCA) [2018] 10 CLJ 571 [CA]

NATIVE LAW AND CUSTOM

Land dispute - Native customary rights ('NCR') - Competing claims of NCR between two natives - Lands gazetted as native communal reserve under s. 6 of Sarawak Land Code (Cap. 81) - Whether challenged - Whether declaration of lands as native communal reserve valid and subsisting - Whether declaration meant for benefit of whole community - Whether individual member of community had exclusive personal rights over land
Zaharah Mustapha Raja Sewa & Anor v. Sagau Batu Bala & Ors And Another Appeal
(Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Umi Kalthum Abdul Majid, Abdul Rahman Sebli JJCA) [2018] 10 CLJ 613 [CA]

SUCCESSION

Administration of estates - Administrator - Action by beneficiaries of estate - First respondent obtained ex parte court order to appoint himself as sole administrator of deceased's estate - First respondent sold land to purchasers without obtaining leave of court pursuant to s. 60(4) of Probate and Administration Act 1959 - Whether purchasers given good title - Whether sale and purchase of land null and void
Md Zubir Hamid & Ors v. Zahari Salleh & Ors
(Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Abang Iskandar, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat JJCA) [2018] 10 CLJ 571 [CA]

Letters of administration - Revocation of grant - Application for - Whether parties beneficiaries of estate - Proof of lineage - Whether there was sufficient cause to revoke letters of administration - Whether letters of administration ought to be amended instead
Yap Ngen Sang v. Yap Yoke Chong
(Nordin Hassan J) [2018] 10 CLJ 648 [HC]

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LNS Article(s)

1. CONSTITUTIONAL OATH, RULE OF LAW AND JUDICIAL REVIEW:*
   AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO BASIC STRUCTURE JURISPRUDENCE** ^{[Read excerpt]}
   by: JUSTICE DATUK DR. HAJI HAMID SULTAN BIN ABU BACKER*** [2018] 1 LNS(A) cxxxv

[2018] 1 LNS(A) cxxxv



MALAYSIA

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CONSTITUTIONAL OATH, RULE OF LAW AND JUDICIAL REVIEW:*
AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO BASIC STRUCTURE JURISPRUDENCE**

by: JUSTICE DATUK DR. HAJI HAMID SULTAN BIN ABU BACKER***

Chairman, Honourable Judges, Distinguished Jurist, Students of Law, Ladies and Gentlemen,

Constitutional Oath

It is my pleasure and honour to share my thoughts in the first of my lecture series at DSNLU on the jurisprudence called 'Constitutional Oath', which I have advocated in a number of my judgments.^[1] It employs a simple methodology within the basic principles of rule of law to strike down arbitrary decisions of not only the executive but also the legislature. It paves the way for an alternative approach to 'Basic Structure Jurisprudence'.

To appreciate this paper in its proper perspective, I have set out some basic principles and/or methodology that include the Oath of Office of the English judge.

. . .

* My first lecture series at DSNLU to be delivered on 21-9-2016. The paper is dedicated to the law students and faculty members of DSNLU. Copyright @ Hamid Sultan bin Abu Backer with consent to all to be published in law and related journals, etc.

** The Constitution of Malaysia and India have many similarities and this has been discussed by our former Lord President, Tun Mohd Suffian bin Hashim in His Lordship’s Lecture series in India. [See Tun Mohamed Suffian , Malaysia and India – Shared Experience in the Law, V.V. Chitaley Memorial Lecture, Nagpur, All India Reporter Ltd., 1980].

*** Judge of Court of Appeal Malaysia. He is an Honorary Visiting Professor of Damodaran Sanjivayya National Law University, Visakhapatnam, India; a barrister and a fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators.

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2. KETERANGAN DNA DARI PERSPEKTIF PRINSIP SYARIAH DI MAHKAMAH SYARIAH:
   ANALISIS SKOP PEMAKAIAN DAN KEBOLEHTERIMAAN ^{[Read excerpt]}
   oleh: Ahnaf Ahmad+ Ruzian Markom+ Mohd Munzil Muhamad+ Ahmad Azam Mohd Shariff+ [2018] 1 LNS(A) cxxxiv

[2018] 1 LNS(A) cxxxiv



MALAYSIA

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KETERANGAN DNA DARI PERSPEKTIF PRINSIP SYARIAH DI MAHKAMAH SYARIAH:
ANALISIS SKOP PEMAKAIAN DAN KEBOLEHTERIMAAN

oleh: Ahnaf Ahmad+
Ruzian Markom+
Mohd Munzil Muhamad+
Ahmad Azam Mohd Shariff+

Abstrak

Pemprofilan DNA, iaitu hasil dari analisis identifikasi DNA, memainkan peranan penting dalam mengenal pasti kebarangkalian bahawa sesuatu sampel itu milik sesuatu spesimen. Tidak dapat tidak, kaedah penganalisisan forensik ini telah memberi tindak balas yang aktif di antara undang-undang dan sains. Dari segi prinsip Syariah, sama ada dalam kes mal atau jenayah, keterangan DNA sangat berkait rapat dengan pembuktian secara qarinah. Sejarah lampau Islam menceritakan pelbagai kisah pada zaman Nabi dan para sahabat yang menerimapakai kaedah pembuktian qarinah sebagai penentu jawapan kepada tanda tanya permasalahan. Yang demikian itu, kaedah forensik sains ini telah dinobat sebagai alat pembuktian berbentuk qarinah yang amat berguna dan tepat. Namun, pemakaian keterangan DNA dianggap tidak menonjol di Mahkamah Syariah. Apakah anggapan tersebut menepati kebenaran dan mengapakah pemakaian keterangan DNA demikian begitu sempit telah menimbulkan persoalan.

. . .

+ Fakulti Undang-Undang, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

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3. ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY (ART):
   KEPERLUAN TERHADAP PERUNDANGAN SYARIAH ^{[Read excerpt]}
   oleh: Azizah Mat Rashid+Ahmad 'Azam Mohd Shariff+Nor Aziah Mohd Awal+Nor 'Adha Ab Hamid* [2018] 1 LNS(A) cxxxvi

[2018] 1 LNS(A) cxxxvi



MALAYSIA

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ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY (ART):
KEPERLUAN TERHADAP PERUNDANGAN SYARIAH

oleh: Azizah Mat Rashid+
Ahmad 'Azam Mohd Shariff+
Nor Aziah Mohd Awal+
Nor 'Adha Ab Hamid*

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) merupakan teknologi yang diperkenalkan bagi membantu pasangan yang sukar hamil secara normal. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) merupakan salah satu kaedah ART yang diaplikasikan di Malaysia sebagai usaha dan ikhtiar untuk memiliki zuriat bagi menyelesaikan masalah ketidakupayaan kehamilan secara normal. Hakikatnya kaedah IVF hanya diharuskan oleh hukum syarak sekiranya setiap proses dan pengaplikasiannya tidak bertentangan dengan hukum syarak. Penulisan ini bertujuan melihat aplikasi kaedah IVF menurut perspektif syarak. Dalam masa yang sama, ianya turut mengenalpasti permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam aplikasi tersebut. Penulisan ini seterusnya akan mencadangkan penyelesaian yang bersesuaian dalam menangani cabaran dan permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pengaplikasian kaedah IVF. Kajian dan penulisan ini dibina atas kerangka kajian perundangan tulin dengan menggunapakai kaedah kualitatif. Data dikumpul melalui kajian perpustakaan menggunakan kaedah doctrinal.

. . .

+ Fakulti Undang-undang, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).

* Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-undang, Kolej Universiti Islam Selangor.

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4. INSIDER TRADING IN MALAYSIA: CRIMINAL LIABILITY VS CIVIL LIABILITY* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   by: Darren Lim Wei Zheng+ Goh Kai Ying+ Associate Professor Dr. Ruzian Markom++ [2018] 1 LNS(A) cxxxvii

[2018] 1 LNS(A) cxxxvii



MALAYSIA

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INSIDER TRADING IN MALAYSIA: CRIMINAL LIABILITY VS CIVIL LIABILITY*

by: Darren Lim Wei Zheng+
Goh Kai Ying+
Associate Professor Dr. Ruzian Markom++

Abstract

There are many examples of conduct in the administration of companies which are controlled by being both criminalised under statutes such as the Capital Markets and Services Act 2007, Financial Services Act 2013 and Companies Act 2016, as well as being remediable by civil suit at the instance of the victim. For securities offences and in particular the offence of insider trading, if it is to be effectively brought to an end, it is essential that a civil remedy should be provided. This paper aims to explore issues pertaining to the efficiency of criminal and civil penalties in combating the problem of insider trading which erode the development of capital markets.

. . .

* The authors would like to thank Prof. Dato' Dr. Aishah Hj. Bidin for her helpful critique, encouragement and support.

+ Undergraduate student, Faculty of Law, National University of Malaysia (UKM).

++ Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, National University of Malaysia (UKM).

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