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Issue #28/2019 11 July 2019

New This Week Case(s) of the Week KAMIL AZMAN ABDUL RAZAK & ORS v. AMANAH RAYA BHD & ORS [2019] 6 CLJ 419 Latest Cases Legal Network Series CLJ 2019 Volume 6 (Part 4) Articles LNS Article(s) Legislation Highlights Principal Acts Amending Acts PU(A) PU(B) Legislation Alert

KAMIL AZMAN ABDUL RAZAK & ORS v. AMANAH RAYA BHD & ORS [2019] 6 CLJ 419
FEDERAL COURT, PUTRAJAYA
RAMLY ALI FCJ, ZAHARAH IBRAHIM FCJ, ALIZATUL KHAIR OSMAN FCJ,
ROHANA YUSUF FCJ, MOHD ZAWAWI SALLEH FCJ
[CIVIL APPEAL NO: 02(f)-110-10-2017(W)]
30 APRIL 2019

CIVIL PROCEDURE: Judgments and orders – Consent judgment – Performance of clauses – Whether performance of one condition subject to pre-condition – Whether court entitled to release one party of its obligation without releasing other party – Whether ss. 53 and 55 of Contracts Act 1950 applicable

CIVIL PROCEDURE: Judgments and orders – Consent judgment – Variation, setting aside or nullifying valid consent order – Payment of loan facilities – Claim for – Whether there was pre-condition to repayment of loan sums – Whether repayment of loans conditional upon parties entering into joint venture agreement – One party refuses to perform an agreement – Whether counter party may treat himself as discharged – Whether obligation of one party under a clause could be discharged on good reasons – Whether court could release one party from performing a clause of consent judgment – Whether court could set aside or nullify part of valid consent order

TRUSTS: Constructive trust – Property – Purchase of – Property purchased for sole purpose of joint venture – Non-materialisation of joint venture – Whether property purchased held in constructive trust for both parties – Claim for refund of purchase consideration – Whether parties ordered to make refunds of purchase consideration – Whether principles of constructive trust applicable

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Legal Network Series

[2018] 1 LNS 250	JUANG SETIA SDN BHD v. TINDAK MURNI SDN BHD CIVIL PROCEDURE: Setting aside - Default judgment - Judgment in default of appearance - Defence on merits - Existence of allegations and conflicting evidence in affidavit - Whether issues could be disposed of by way of affidavit evidence only - Whether defendant set out a valid and proper defence on the merits ARBITRATION: Stay of proceedings - Principles and procedure - Whether there was a valid and binding arbitration clause in agreement between parties - Whether effect of s. 10(1) Arbitration Act 2005 is to render a stay mandatory - Whether a stay of proceedings could only be filed by defendant after plaintiff had commenced proceedings in court - Whether matter in question was within scope of arbitration submission - Whether court could delve into details of dispute For the plaintiff - M/s Liza Chan & Co For the defendant - M/s Belden
[2018] 1 LNS 420	MOHAMAD SHUKRI IBRAHIM v. PP CRIMINAL LAW: Dangerous Drugs 1952 - Trafficking of drugs - Knowledge of drugs - Reference made by accused to 'buah' - Whether accused knew that 'buah' was drugs - Whether 'buah' was drug slang - Dangerous Drugs Act 1952, ss. 2, 39B EVIDENCE: Presumption - Adverse inference - Failure of prosecution to call owner of car driven by accused person in which drugs were found - Whether owner of car a material witness - Whether prosecution had oblique motive in not calling owner of car - Whether prosecution's evidence overwhelmingly sufficient - Evidence Act 1950 s. 114(g) For the appellant - Baldev Singh Bhar; Syarikat Baldev Bhar For the respondent - Mangaiarkarasi Krishnan, Deputy Public Prosecutor; Attorney General's Chambers
[2018] 1 LNS 164	PWC CORPORATION SDN BHD v. IREKA ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION SDN BHD & OTHER CASE (NO 3) CONSTRUCTION LAW: Adjudication - Setting aside - Grounds - Respondent admitted payment claim but refused to make payment based on set-off - Whether adjudicator had jurisdiction to proceed to hear dispute and to deliver adjudication decision - Whether adjudicator had considered defence of set-off raised with respect to separate contracts - Whether there was breach of natural justice For the plaintiff in WA-24C-118-07/2017 and for the defendant in WA-24C-127-07/2017 - CK Oon & Daniel Lau; M/s CK Oon & Co For the defendant in WA-24C-118-07/2017 and for the plaintiff in WA-24C-127-07/2017 - SY Lim; M/s Azman Davidson & Co
[2018] 1 LNS 227	ZAINAL AZHAR MOHD ZAIN lwn. PENTADBIR TANAH DAN DAERAH, SEBERANG PERAI UTARA, PULAU PINANG UNDANG-UNDANG TANAH: Pengambilan tanah - Pampasan - Taksiran - Tuntutan pengasingan tanah dan kecederaan tanah - Tuntutan berkenaan lot berjiran dan bukan bagi tanah yang dilakukan pengambilan - Lot berjiran tidak sesuai untuk penternakan ikan - Projek penternakan ikan belum dilakukan semasa pengambilan tanah - Tuntutan berdasarkan anggaran semata-mata - Sama ada gantirugi mesti dibuktikan - Sama ada pembuktian adalah perlu melalui laporan penilai pemohon - Sama ada pampasan yang boleh dituntut adalah hanya untuk tanah yang dijadualkan Bagi pihak pemohon - Nurdiana Zainal Azhar; T/n Zainal Azhar & Co Bagi pihak penentang - Siti Fatimah Talib, Peguam Kanan Persekutuan; Pejabat Penasihat Undang-Undang
[2018] 1 LNS 192	BERKENAAN: FOONG YOON SENG; EX-PARTE: CALSBERG MARKETING SDN BHD KEBANKRAPAN: Notis - Pengetepian - Notis kebankrapan berasaskan perintah persetujuan yang dimasuki penghutang penghakiman dan pihak lain - Jumlah keberhutangan yang dinyatakan di dalam notis kebankrapan termasuk bayaran yang perlu dibayar oleh pihak lain di dalam perintah persetujuan - Sama ada jumlah yang dinyatakan di dalam notis kebankrapan adalah jumlah sebenar yang ditanggung penghutang penghakiman - Sama ada jumlah hutang perlu dibahagi dua PROSEDUR SIVIL: Penghakiman dan perintah - Perintah persetujuan - Tafsiran - Sama ada perintah persetujuan perlu ditafsirkan sama dengan tafsiran ke atas satu kontrak - Sama ada pihak-pihak yang memasuki sesuatu perintah persetujuan terikat kepada terma-terma yang telah dipersetujui sama sepertimana pihak-pihak kepada suatu kontrak Bagi pihak penghutang penghakiman- Sakhtivel Nagalingam; T/n Amran Joseph Chan & Co Bagi pihak pemiutang penghakiman - Vijay Kumar Ganason Ganason & Selvi Mo Yin Arumugam; T/n Lee Hishamuddin Allen & Gledhill

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CLJ 2019 Volume 6 (Part 4)

COURT OF APPEAL

Kamil Azman Abdul Razak & Ors v. Amanah Raya Bhd & Ors
Ramly Ali, Zaharah Ibrahim, Alizatul Khair Osman, Rohana Yusuf, Mohd Zawawi Salleh FCJJ
(Civil Procedure; Trusts - Consent judgment - Variation, setting aside or nullifying valid consent order - Constructive trust - Whether principles of constructive trust applicable) [2019] 6 CLJ 419 [FC]

• For the appellants - Ambiga Sreenevasan & Michael Chow; M/s Michael Chow
• For the respondents - Cecil Abraham, Rishwant Singh & Daniel Chua; M/s Cecil Abraham & Partners 

Dato' Manokaran Veraya v. Perbadanan Pengurusan Apartmen Kayangan & Another Appeal
Lim Yee Lan, Suraya Othman, Yeoh Wee Siam JJCA
(Land Law - Strata title - Common property - Management corporation - Whether management corporation clothed with full authority to deal with common property) [2019] 6 CLJ 441 [CA]

• (Civil Appeal No: C-02(NCVC)(W)-198-01-2017)
• For the appellant - MR Kumar, Moses Susayan & N Yohendra; M/s Netto & Yohendra
• For the respondent - Ho Kok Yiew & Erin Woong; M/s Owee & Ho
• (Civil Appeal No: C-02(NCVC)(W)-393-03-2017)
• For the appellant - Ho Koko Yew & Erin Woong; M/s Balendran Chong
• For the respondent - MR Kumar, Moses Susayan & N Yohendra; M/s Netto & Yohendra 

Estate Of Lim Tuan & Ors v. Lim San Peen & Ors
Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Badariah Sahamid, Mary Lim JJCA
(Company Law - Liquidators - Remuneration - Whether courts could give directions on remuneration) [2019] 6 CLJ 463 [CA]

• For the appellants - P Gananathan, Iris Tan Li Chie & Carolyn; M/s Dennis Nik & Wong
• For the 1st & 2nd respondents - Rabindra Nathan & Serena Azizudin; M/s Shearn Delamore & Co
• For the 3rd to 6th respondents - M/s Wong Kian Kheong 

Mann Holdings Pte Ltd & Anor v. Ung Yoke Hong
Abdul Rahman Sebli, Kamardin Hashim, Mary Lim JJCA
(Civil Procedure - Judgment - Foreign judgments - Registration of - Whether registering country could discuss merits of foreign judgment) [2019] 6 CLJ 475 [CA]

• For the appellants - Wong Guo Bin & Lim Kong Soon; M/s Izral Partnership
• For the respondent - Justin Voon & Chiam Jia Yan; M/s Law Assocs 

Sivakadatcham P Sethuram Vandayar v. CIMB Bank Bhd (Previously Known As Bumiputera-Commerce Bank Bhd)
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Mary Lim, Hasnah Mohammed Hashim JJCA
(Civil Procedure; Land Law - Order for sale - Setting aside - Whether order for sale regularly obtained - Service of cause papers - Whether in compliance with mandatory four clear days requirement) [2019] 6 CLJ 504 [CA]

• For the appellant - Kanesan Muthusami & Shaarmila Kanesan; M/s M Kanesan & Assocs
• For the respondent - Chung Tze Yau & Lim Yi Ying; M/s Khor, Ong & Co 

Soh Chee Gee v. Syn Tai Hung Trading Sdn Bhd
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA
(Company Law; Tort - Director - Breach of fiduciary duties - Liability - Whether CEO of company assumed fiduciary position) [2019] 6 CLJ 516 [CA]

• For the appellant - VK Raj, Sri Devi Nair & SP Devi; M/s P Kuppusamy & Co
• For the respondent - Jack Yow & Kwong Chiew Ee; M/s Rahmat Lim & Partners 

HIGH COURT

Allianz General Insurance Company (M) Bhd lwn. K Paramasivan Kanniappan & Satu Lagi
Khadijah Idris PK
(Insurans - Polisi - Kemalangan jalan raya - Tanggungan - Sama ada polisi insurans yang dibeli selepas kemalangan sah dan boleh dikuatkuasakan) [2019] 6 CLJ 538 [HC]

• Bagi pihak plaintif - Laviania Pathmanathan; T/n SG Lingam & Co
• Bagi pihak defendan ke-2 - T Loges; T/n Kit & Assocs 

PP v. Ehsan Mohd Rani
Meor Hashimi Abdul Hamid JC
(Criminal Law; Criminal Procedure - Penal Code - Section 408 - Criminal breach of trust - Guity plea - Mitigating circumstances - Appropriate sentence - Order of binding over - Whether lawful) [2019] 6 CLJ 547 [HC]

• For the prosecution - Mohd Raimi Mohd Ramli; DPP
• For the respondent - Izleen Ismail; M/s Izleen 

SUBJECT INDEX

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Judgment - Foreign judgments - Registration of Singapore judgment in Malaysia - Dispute arising from recovery of monies under loan agreement - Judgment creditors obtained judgment in High Court of Singapore - Ordering repayment of monies by judgment debtor - Singapore judgment registered in Malaysia - Judgment debtor applied to set aside registration of Singapore judgment in Malaysian High Court - Malaysian High Court set aside registration of Singapore judgment on ground registration contrary to public policy - Whether registering country could discuss merits of foreign judgment - Whether Singapore judgment final and conclusive - Whether principles of res judicata and issue estoppel arose or could be invoked - Principle of forum conveniens - Whether there was abuse of court process by judgment creditors - Reciprocal Enforcement of Judgments Act 1958, ss. 3(3)(a), 5, 6 & 8
Mann Holdings Pte Ltd & Anor v. Ung Yoke Hong
(Abdul Rahman Sebli, Kamardin Hashim, Mary Lim JJCA) [2019] 6 CLJ 475 [CA]

Judgments and orders - Consent judgment - Performance of clauses - Whether performance of one condition subject to pre-condition - Whether court entitled to release one party of its obligation without releasing other party - Whether ss. 53 and 55 of Contracts Act 1950 applicable
Kamil Azman Abdul Razak & Ors v. Amanah Raya Bhd & Ors
(Ramly Ali, Zaharah Ibrahim, Alizatul Khair Osman, Rohana Yusuf, Mohd Zawawi Salleh FCJJ) [2019] 6 CLJ 419 [FC]

Judgments and orders - Consent judgment - Variation, setting aside or nullifying valid consent order - Payment of loan facilities - Claim for - Whether there was pre-condition to repayment of loan sums - Whether repayment of loans conditional upon parties entering into joint venture agreement - One party refuses to perform an agreement - Whether counter party may treat himself as discharged - Whether obligation of one party under a clause could be discharged on good reasons - Whether court could release one party from performing a clause of consent judgment - Whether court could set aside or nullify part of valid consent order
Kamil Azman Abdul Razak & Ors v. Amanah Raya Bhd & Ors
(Ramly Ali, Zaharah Ibrahim, Alizatul Khair Osman, Rohana Yusuf, Mohd Zawawi Salleh FCJJ) [2019] 6 CLJ 419 [FC]

Service - Service of cause papers - Whether service of originating summons in compliance with mandatory four clear days requirement - Reckoning of four clear days under O. 83 r. 2(2) of Rules of Court 2012 - Whether Saturdays and Sundays excluded - Whether ought to be set aside ex debitio justitiae - Whether action time barred
Sivakadatcham P Sethuram Vandayar v. CIMB Bank Bhd (Previously Known As Bumiputera-Commerce Bank Bhd)
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Mary Lim, Hasnah Mohammed Hashim JCA) [2019] 6 CLJ 504 [CA]

COMPANY LAW

Director - Breach of fiduciary duties - CEO of company - Whether assumed fiduciary position - Whether CEO breached fiduciary duties owed to company - Whether losses solely attributed to CEO - Inadmissibility of source documents to prove amount of losses suffered - Whether rendered principle sum mere statement - Whether CEO proved to be in possession of company's monies - Whether imposition of constructive trust warranted
Soh Chee Gee v. Syn Tai Hung Trading Sdn Bhd
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA) [2019] 6 CLJ 516 [CA]

Liquidators - Remuneration - Liquidators sought directions of court for determination of remuneration - High Court gave directions for fees entitlement to liquidators - Whether courts could give directions on remuneration - Whether decision of High Court appealable - Whether appellate intervention warranted - Companies Act 1965, ss. 232, 237, 258 & 274
Estate Of Lim Tuan & Ors v. Lim San Peen & Ors
(Hamid Sultan Abu Backer, Badariah Sahamid, Mary Lim JJCA) [2019] 6 CLJ 463 [CA]

CRIMINAL LAW

Penal Code - Section 408 - Criminal breach of trust - Guilty plea - Mitigating circumstances - Appropriate sentence - Accused bound over to be of good behaviour - Whether sentence lawful and adequate
PP v. Ehsan Mohd Rani
(Meor Hashimi Abdul Hamid JC) [2019] 6 CLJ 547 [HC]

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Sentence - Adequacy - Criminal breach of trust - Guilty plea - Minimum jail sentence prescribed by law - Whether trial judge could order accused to execute bond of good behaviour - Whether duty bound to impose prescribed sentence - Order of binding over hereof - Whether lawful - Whether appropriate - Penal Code, s. 408 - Criminal Procedure Code, s. 294
PP v. Ehsan Mohd Rani
(Meor Hashimi Abdul Hamid JC) [2019] 6 CLJ 547 [HC]

LAND LAW

Strata title - Common property - Whether management corporation clothed with full authority to deal with common property - Whether unanimous resolution of half of total number of apartment owners in general meeting required for management corporation to exercise its rights over common property - Whether every interference with property actionable under law of nuisance - Strata Titles Act 1985, ss. 42(1) and (2)
Dato' Manokaran Veraya v. Perbadanan Pengurusan Apartmen Kayangan & Another Appeal
(Lim Yee Lan, Suraya Othman, Yeoh Wee Siam JJCA) [2019] 6 CLJ 441 [CA]

Management corporation - Building - Maintenance charges - Whether registered proprietor of unit exempted from paying maintenance charges in event management corporation failed to carry out duty - Whether responsibility to pay maintenance charges fell upon registered proprietor, regardless of whether one occupied his parcel or not - Strata Titles Act 1985, ss. 42(1) and (2)
Dato' Manokaran Veraya v. Perbadanan Pengurusan Apartmen Kayangan & Another Appeal
(Lim Yee Lan, Suraya Othman, Yeoh Wee Siam JJCA) [2019] 6 CLJ 441 [CA]

Order for sale - Setting aside - Whether order for sale regularly obtained - Whether service of originating summons in compliance with mandatory four clear days requirement - Reckoning of four clear days under O. 83 r. 2(2) of Rules of Court 2012 - Whether Saturdays and Sundays excluded - Whether ought to be set aside ex debitio justitiae - Whether action time barred - Whether cause to contrary shown
Sivakadatcham P Sethuram Vandayar v. CIMB Bank Bhd (Previously Known As Bumiputera-Commerce Bank Bhd)
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Mary Lim, Hasnah Mohammed Hashim JCA) [2019] 6 CLJ 504 [CA]

TORT

Damages - Liability - Breach of fiduciary duties - CEO of company - Whether assumed fiduciary position - Whether there was conflict of interest in transactions - Whether actions of CEO exposed company to real risk of loss - Whether acted to benefit of third party without knowledge of company - Whether CEO breached fiduciary duties owed to company - Whether subordinates held liable - Whether losses solely attributed to CEO - Whether CEO made profit or personal gains from transactions - Whether losses proven
Soh Chee Gee v. Syn Tai Hung Trading Sdn Bhd
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA) [2019] 6 CLJ 516 [CA]

TRUSTS

Constructive trust - Property - Purchase of - Property purchased for sole purpose of joint venture - Non-materialisation of joint venture - Whether property purchased held in constructive trust for both parties - Claim for refund of purchase consideration - Whether parties ordered to make refunds of purchase consideration - Whether principles of constructive trust applicable
Kamil Azman Abdul Razak & Ors v. Amanah Raya Bhd & Ors
(Ramly Ali, Zaharah Ibrahim, Alizatul Khair Osman, Rohana Yusuf, Mohd Zawawi Salleh FCJJ) [2019] 6 CLJ 419 [FC]

INDEKS PERKARA

INSURANS

Polisi - Kemalangan jalan raya - Tanggungan - Kemalangan antara kereta dan motosikal - Pemilik kereta mengambil insurans selepas kemalangan berlaku - Sama ada pemilik kereta suci hati atau berniat menipu syarikat insurans - Sama ada pemilik kereta mendedahkan pada syarikat insurans bahawa berlaku kemalangan sebelum insurans diambil - Prinsip uberrimae fide - Sama ada polisi insurans yang dibeli selepas kemalangan sah dan boleh dikuatkuasakan - Sama ada prinsip dalam Hameed Jagubar Syed Ahmad v. Pacific Orient Insurance Co Bhd terpakai
Allianz General Insurance Company (M) Bhd lwn. K Paramasivan Kanniappan & Satu Lagi
(Khadijah Idris PK) [2019] 6 CLJ 538 [HC]

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LNS Article(s)

1. ISLAMIC FINANCE AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   by MOHAMMAD MAHBUBI ALI [2019] 1 LNS(A) lxxxvi

[2019] 1 LNS(A) lxxxvi



MALAYSIA

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ISLAMIC FINANCE AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION*

by
MOHAMMAD MAHBUBI ALI

Financial inclusion or access to finance at an affordable cost has, since the early 2000s, been the focus of a renewed concern for many governments and central banks. The World Bank's 2017 Global Findex Database discovered that about 1.7 billion people worldwide remain unbanked - without an account at a financial institution or through a mobile money provider. The United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), therefore, makes it one of its goals to improve financial access into its main development agenda. A plethora of academic evidence confirms that financial inclusion can support the achievement of broader sustainable development goals.

. . .

* Published with kind permission of the International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies (IAIS) Malaysia. (www.iais.org.my).

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2. THE COKE LIGHT OF INJUNCTIONS* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   by NIMALAN DEVARAJA** [2019] 1 LNS(A) lxxxviii

[2019] 1 LNS(A) lxxxviii



MALAYSIA

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THE COKE LIGHT OF INJUNCTIONS*

by
NIMALAN DEVARAJA**

The Mareva injunction (“Mareva”) is one of the most potent weapons in the arsenal of a litigator; like the can of invigorating Coca-Cola in your refrigerator. The Mareva strikes fear in the hearts of defendants given its far-reaching and disruptive impact therefore rendering it only being granted by the Courts in rare circumstances. The Mareva restrains a defendant from disposing of, or dealing with, his assets and has been developed into an effective offensive weapon against a defendant who tries to cheat the judicial system by rendering any adverse judgment to be worthless. However, the fact that the Mareva is usually first obtained on an ex-parte basis means that the defendant’s assets are usually froze n even before he has a chance to oppose the application, thereby rendering it somewhat draconian.

. . .

*© 2016 Skrine. This Article was first published in Issue 3/2016 of Legal Insights, a Skrine Newsletter. Reproduced with permission of Skrine.

** Nimalan is an Associate in the Dispute Resolution Division of SKRINE. His main areas include constitutional, public and administrative law.

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3. SWIPING INTO A NEW AGE OF EMPLOYMENT LAW ^{[Read excerpt]}
   by KIRSTY EASDALE* [2019] 1 LNS(A) lxxxvii

[2019] 1 LNS(A) lxxxvii



AUSTRALIA

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SWIPING INTO A NEW AGE OF EMPLOYMENT LAW

by
KIRSTY EASDALE*

Employment issues arising from online platforms, like Uber and Foodora, are challenging the traditional dichotomy between employees and contractors in Australian labour law.

In Australia’s industrial system, workers are either employees or contractors, and the vast majority of our labour entitlements protect employees, not contractors. Integral to the model used by online gig platforms like Uber is that the workers delivering their services are contractors.

There have been three decisions in the Fair Work Commission’s (the Commission) unfair dismissal jurisdiction involving Uber drivers locked out of the app for not maintaining a high enough customer rating. These drivers have argued that they are employees, not contractors, and therefore entitled to protection from harsh, unjust or unreasonable dismissals.

. . .

* Published with kind permission of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory. See Ethos No. 250 December 2018.

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