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Issue #6/2019 07 February 2019

New This Week Case(s) of the Week ADAM PRIMUS VARGHESE ABDULLAH v. WEE LOKE CHOON & ORS AND ANOTHER APPEAL [2019] 2 CLJ 190 APPEAL UPDATE APPEAL UPDATE Latest Cases Legal Network Series CLJ 2019 Volume 2 (Part 2) Articles LNS Article(s) Legislation Highlights Principal Acts Amending Acts PU(A) PU(B) Legislation Alert

ADAM PRIMUS VARGHESE ABDULLAH v.
WEE LOKE CHOON & ORS AND ANOTHER APPEAL [2019] 2 CLJ 190
COURT OF APPEAL, PUTRAJAYA
TENGKU MAIMUN TUAN MAT JCA, NALLINI PATHMANATHAN JCA, ZABARIAH MOHD YUSOF JCA
[CIVIL APPEALS NO: N-01(NCVC)(A)-85-03-2017 & N-02(NCVC)(A)-465-03-2017]
15 AUGUST 2018

CIVIL PROCEDURE: Court – Court hierarchy – High Court ordered sale and auction of land – Order for sale set aside by Court of Appeal – Court of Appeal ordered second order for sale of land and second auction – Matter remitted back to High Court – Failure of High Court to comply with orders of Court of Appeal – Fundamental principle that order of higher courts must take precedence over that of lower courts – Compliance with and implementation of orders of higher courts – Whether strict – Consequences of failure of High Court to comply with orders of Court of Appeal or Federal Court – Whether gave rise to contempt – Whether order tainted with illegality and ought to be set aside

LAND LAW: Indefeasibility – Indefeasibility of title – Land obtained through auction at High Court – Order for sale already set aside by Court of Appeal – Court of Appeal ordered second order for sale of land and second auction – Matter remitted back to High Court – Failure of High Court to comply with orders of Court of Appeal – Whether bid for land and acceptance of same rendered null and void – Whether title holder enjoyed indefeasibility of title – Whether title flawed and defeasible – National Land Code, s. 340

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1. Ita v. PP [2018] 1 LNS 643 (CA) mengesahkan kes Mahkamah Tinggi [Perbicaraan Jenayah No: 45A - 07 - 09/2013]

2. Mohan Lachumanan lwn. Timbalan Pengerusi, Lembaga Pencegahan Jenayah & Ors [2018] 1 LNS 1003 (CA) affirming the High Court case of Mohan Lachumanan lwn. Timbalan Pengerusi, Lembaga Pencegahan Jenayah & Ors [2017] 1 LNS 289

Legal Network Series

[2018] 1 LNS 96	CHONG KEAN CHEONG & ANOR v. IN EX HALE SDN BHD & ORS CIVIL PROCEDURE: Jurisdiction - Forum conveniens - Reliefs prayed for and amount in dispute in main action and counterclaim is less than a million ringgit - Matters pertaining to accounts - Whether Sessions Court or High Court would be a proper forum - Whether s. 69(f) of Subordinate Court Act 1948 has ousted jurisdiction of Sessions Court to hear matters pertaining to accounts - Whether counterclaim should be properly proceeded under O. 43 of Rules of Court 2012  For the appellants - Afifah; M/s Manjit Singh Sachdev, Mohammad Radzi & Partners  For the respondents - Casey Lim; M/s Valerie Chong & Co
[2018] 1 LNS 113	CIMB BANK BERHAD v. NGO SHIAN MOI & ANOR CIVIL PROCEDURE: Locus standi - Parties - Reasonable cause of action - Plaintiff bank exercised its rights under memorandum of charge to satisfy outstanding overdraft facility granted by different bank - Absence of vesting order - Whether there was reasonable cause of action - Whether plaintiff has locus standi to commence action to recover outstanding overdraft facility LAND LAW: Charge - Order for sale - Validity of statutory notice - Absence of antecedent demand prior to issuance of statutory notice - Whether statutory notice was premature and defective - Whether action was premature, defective and was in breach of s. 148 of Sarawak Land Code LIMITATION: Accrual of cause of action - Claim for - Payment of money charged upon immovable property - Claim for interest for last 19 years - Whether claim was statute barred by virtue of items 44 and 101 of Schedule of Limitation Ordinance (Cap 49)  For the plaintiff - Nurul Faizilla Kadid; M/s SK Ling & Tan  For the defendants - Merlyn Toh; M/s Merlyn Toh & Co
[2018] 1 LNS 109	TEH CHIN HENG v. TAN CHOON HOE ROAD TRAFFIC: Negligence - Road accident - Contributory negligent - Plaintiff's motorcycle was rear-ended by defendant's motorcycle - Whether plaintiff could be held contributorily negligent - Whether a motorcyclist should keep a constant watch on his side view mirror when he is travelling ahead - Whether a motorist should be bound to account for all actions of other motorists - Whether defendant should be held liable 100% DAMAGES: Appeal - Special damages - Global award - Assessment of award for injuries that occurred at same part of anatomy - Whether global award for injuries that occurred at same part of anatomy was justified  For the appellant - Baljit Singh; M/s Baljit Singh & Co  For the respondent - Kevin Anthony; M/s Ajmer Sandhu & Ong
[2017] 1 LNS 1977	TAY AH BER lwn. WISMA MAHARANI REALTY SDN BHD & YANG LAIN UNDANG-UNDANG SYARIKAT: Penggulungan - Petisyen - Penyelewengan wang syarikat - Penindasan terhadap minoriti - Keengganan pengarah untuk membahagikan keuntungan selepas penjualan hartanah syarikat kepada pemegang saham minoriti - Wang hasil jualan hartanah digunakan untuk kepentingan sendiri - Kegagalan mematuhi artikel pertubuhan syarikat - Sama ada adil dan munasabah untuk syarikat digulungkan - Akta Syarikat 1965, ss. 218(1)(f), 218(1)(i)  Bagi pihak perayu - T/n Ang & Xen  Bagi pihak pempetisyen - T/n KP Low & Co
[2017] 1 LNS 1297	PP lwn. OGUGUA CHIBUZO MARCELLUS & YANG LAIN UNDANG-UNDANG JENAYAH: Dadah berbahaya - Pengedaran - Milikan - Dadah jenis Methamphetamine seberat 735.10g - Dadah dijumpai di dalam bungkusan kurier - Tertuduh menerima bungkusan kurier yang berisi dadah - Tertuduh mencampak bungkusan dan melarikan diri apabila serbuan dilakukan - Tertuduh mengakui penerimaan bungkusan kurier - Sama ada tertuduh mempunyai kawalan, jagaan dan pengetahuan mengenai bungkusan yang mengandungi dadah UNDANG-UNDANG JENAYAH: Dadah berbahaya - Pengedaran - Seksyen 39B(1)(a) Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952 - Pembuktian elemen-elemen pertuduhan - Sama ada pembuktikan elemen kawalan atau jagaan secara fizikal ke atas barang dadah adalah memadai - Sama ada pengetahuan terhadap kewujudan dadah perlu dibuktikan - Sama ada keadaan sekeliling boleh menjadi keterangan terus - Sama ada tindakan melarikan diri dan meronta-ronta semasa ditahan merupakan perkara muktamad atas kebersalahan PROSEDUR JENAYAH: Pembelaan - Pembawa tidak bersalah - Pengedaran dadah berbahaya - Dadah dijumpai di dalam bungkusan kurier - Tertuduh mendakwa menerima bungkusan bagi pihak penerima bungkusan kurier - Tertuduh membuat pengakuan kepada penghantar kurier bahawa tertuduh merupakan penerima bungkusan kurier - Sama ada penama penerima kurier wujud - Sama ada pembelaan tertuduh berunsur dakwaan kosong dan pemikiran terkemudian - Sama ada tertuduh mempunyai pengetahuan berkenaan dadah - Sama ada pembelaan pembawa tidak bersalah telah berjaya dibuktikan  Bagi pihak pendakwaan - DPP Rozana Husin; Pejabat Timbalan Pendakwa Raya Selangor; Pejabat Penasihat Undang-Undang Negeri Selangor  Bagi pihak tertuduh pertama - Jay Moy; T/n Sivananthan  Bagi pihak tertuduh kedua dan tertuduh ketiga - Sivananthan & Low Huey Theng; T/n Sivananthan

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CLJ 2019 Volume 2 (Part 2)

FEDERAL COURT

Kerajaan Malaysia v. Semantan Estates (1952) Sdn Bhd
Ahmad Maarop PCA, Ramly Ali, Azahar Mohamed, Aziah Ali, Prasad Sandosham Abraham FCJJ
(Jurisdiction - Federal Court - Inherent jurisdiction - Application for review against dismissal of application for leave to appeal) [2019] 2 CLJ 145 [FC]

 For the appellant - Mohamed Apandi Ali, Zauyah Be T Loth Khan, Amarjeet Singh Serjit Singh, Alice Loke Yee Ching & Zureen Elina Mohd Dom; SFCs
 For the respondent - Cyrus Das, Ira Biswas, Janet Chai Pei Ying, Tan Hwee Yee & Carole Ngu; M/s Chooi & Co 

COURT OF APPEAL

Adam Primus Varghese Abdullah v. Wee Loke Choon & Ors And Another Appeal
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA
(Civil Procedure; Land Law - Court - Court hierarchy - High Court ordered sale and auction of land) [2019] 2 CLJ 190 [CA]

(Civil Appeals No: N-01(NCVC)(A)-85-03-2017 & N-02(NCVC)(A)-465-03-2017)
 For the appellant - HY Chong, Muhammad Iqram Zulkupri & Michael Koh; M/s Azman Davidson & Co
 For the 1st respondent - Manian Raju & Pung Jenn Jian; M/s Krishna Dallumah, Manian & Indran
 For the 2nd respondent - Ahmad Zamri Khuziami & TK Chong; M/s Che Mokhtar & Ling
(Civil Appeal No: N-01(NCVC)(A)-85-03-2017)
 For the 3rd respondent - Rozaimah Adnan & Muhammad Fairuz; SFC 

Felix King v. PP
Mohtarudin Baki, Rhodzariah Bujang, Kamaludin Md Said JJCA
(Criminal Law; Criminal Procedure - Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 - Section 39B(1)(a) - Trafficking - Conviction and sentence - Appeal against) [2019] 2 CLJ 209 [CA]

 For the appellants - Hisyam Teh Poh Teik; M/s Teh Poh Teik & Co
 For the respondent - Ahmad Sazilee Abdul Khairi; DPP 

Inai Kiara Sdn Bhd v. Puteri Nusantara Sdn Bhd
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Mary Lim, Hasnah Mohammed Hashim JJCA
(Construction Law - Adjudication - Enforcement - Application to enforce and recognise adjudication decision) [2019] 2 CLJ 229 [CA]

 For the appellant - Kamraj Nayagam & Maya Gayathri; M/s Mah-Kamariyah & Philip Koh
 For the respondent - R Jayasingam; M/s BH Lawrence & Co 

Ng King Chong & Anor v. Ooi Kim Geik & Ors
Rohana Yusuf, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Harmindar Singh Dhaliwal JJCA
(Company Law; Civil Procedure - Winding-up - Petition - Setting aside - Application for - Whether shareholders included as parties to winding-up petition) [2019] 2 CLJ 246 [CA]

 For the appellants - KF Wong & YF Chan; M/s KF Wong & Lee
 For the 1st respondent - Goh Keng Tat & Alexavier Lee; M/s Goh Keng Tat & Co
 For the 2nd & 3rd respondents - Michael Chow & Nicholas Poon; M/s Michael Chow 

Tradewinds Properties Sdn Bhd v. Zulhkiple A Bakar & Ors
Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Hasnah Mohammed Hashim JJCA
(Company Law - Fraudulent trading - Intent to defraud - Allegation of) [2019] 2 CLJ 261 [CA]

 For the appellant - CK Yeoh & Jeffrey Lee; M/s Ranjit Singh & Yeoh
 For the respondents - Sandosh Anandan; M/s Sandosh Anandan 

HIGH COURT

Bhaskar Nadarajan v. Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur & Anor
Darryl Goon Siew Chye JC
(Tort; Civil Procedure; Limitation - Negligence - Allegation of - Vehicle fraudulently transferred to third party) [2019] 2 CLJ 281 [HC]

 For the appellant - K Revathi; M/s Revathi & Partners Suite
 For the respondents - Ahmad Faiz Razali; FC 

SUBJECT INDEX

CIVIL PROCEDURE

Court - Court hierarchy - High Court ordered sale and auction of land - Order for sale set aside by Court of Appeal - Court of Appeal ordered second order for sale of land and second auction - Matter remitted back to High Court - Failure of High Court to comply with orders of Court of Appeal - Fundamental principle that order of higher courts must take precedence over that of lower courts - Compliance with and implementation of orders of higher courts - Whether strict - Consequences of failure of High Court to comply with orders of Court of Appeal or Federal Court - Whether gave rise to contempt - Whether order tainted with illegality and ought to be set aside
Adam Primus Varghese Abdullah v. Wee Loke Choon & Ors And Another Appeal
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA) [2019] 2 CLJ 190 [CA]

Jurisdiction - High Court - Application to set aside winding-up petition order made by High Court - Jurisdiction of High Court to set aside order of another High Court - Whether order made null and void on grounds of breach of natural justice, illegality or lack of jurisdiction - Whether High Court functus officio - Whether High Court seized with jurisdiction to set aside order of another High Court
Ng King Chong & Anor v. Ooi Kim Geik & Ors
(Rohana Yusuf, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Harmindar Singh Dhaliwal JJCA) [2019] 2 CLJ 246 [CA]

Striking out - Writ and statement of claim - Claim premised on tort of negligence - Whether claim time-barred - Whether party sued was legal entity that could be sued - Whether primary tortfeasor cited - Rules of Court 2012, O. 18 r. 19(1)(a), (b) & (d)
Bhaskar Nadarajan v. Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur & Anor
(Darryl Goon Siew Chye JC) [2019] 2 CLJ 281 [HC]

COMPANY LAW

Fraudulent trading - Intent to defraud - Allegation of - Action commenced against first defendant as director and second defendant company in a suit - Default on terms of payment - Breach of consent judgment - Incorporation of third defendant company by first defendant due to suit - Whether equated to fraudulent trading - Whether third defendant company incorporated prior to consent judgment in contemplation of evading payments - Whether there was clear intention of defendants attempting to defraud plaintiff by depriving it from receiving sums agreed in consent judgment - Companies Act 1965, s. 304(1), (2)
Tradewinds Properties Sdn Bhd v. Zulhkiple A Bakar & Ors
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Hasnah Mohammed Hashim JJCA) [2019] 2 CLJ 261 [CA]

Lifting of corporate veil - Mala fide actions - Action commenced against first defendant as director and second defendant company in a suit - Incorporation of third defendant company by first defendant due to suit - Whether third defendant company incorporated to receive payments of fees for work undertaken by second defendant company - Whether second defendant company's expenses borne by third defendant company - Whether both companies operated as single commercial entity - Whether first defendant alter ego of both companies - Whether corporate veil ought to be lifted
Tradewinds Properties Sdn Bhd v. Zulhkiple A Bakar & Ors
(Mohd Zawawi Salleh, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Hasnah Mohammed Hashim JJCA) [2019] 2 CLJ 261 [CA]

Winding-up - Petition - Setting aside - Application for - Whether shareholders included as parties to winding-up petition - Whether cause papers served to shareholders - Whether shareholders aware of winding-up of company - Whether leave from winding-up court ought to be obtained to set aside winding-up petition - Whether failure to obtain leave abuse of court process - Whether applicants seeking to set aside winding-up petition should proceed with action in winding-up court or institute fresh suit - Whether there was breach of natural justice - Companies (Winding-Up) Rules 1972, rr. 24 & 25 - Companies Act 1965, ss. 218(1)(f) & (I)
Ng King Chong & Anor v. Ooi Kim Geik & Ors
(Rohana Yusuf, Vernon Ong Lam Kiat, Harmindar Singh Dhaliwal JJCA) [2019] 2 CLJ 246 [CA]

CONSTRUCTION LAW

Adjudication - Enforcement - Application to enforce and recognise adjudication decision - Opposition by respondent - Whether respondent applied to set aside adjudication decision under s. 15 of Construction Industry Payment and Adjudication Act 2012 ('CIPAA') - Whether open to respondent to invoke grounds set out in s. 15 of CIPAA without filing application under s. 15 itself - Whether applicant satisfied conditions for adjudication order to be enforced - Whether binding effect of adjudication decision automatic - Whether there was adequate evidence to warrant grant of application under s. 28 of CIPAA
Inai Kiara Sdn Bhd v. Puteri Nusantara Sdn Bhd
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Mary Lim, Hasnah Mohammed Hashim JJCA) [2019] 2 CLJ 229 [CA]

CRIMINAL LAW

Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 - Section 39B(1)(a) - Trafficking - Conviction and sentence - Appeal against - Methamphetamine found in bag hand carried by accused - Failure to consider accused's cautioned statement - Whether trial judge erred in applying presumption under s. 37(da) of Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 at end of prosecution's case and in finding accused failed to rebut presumption under s. 37(d) at end of defence case - Whether confusion of presumptions arose - Whether conviction safe
Felix King v. PP
(Mohtarudin Baki, Rhodzariah Bujang, Kamaludin Md Said JJCA) [2019] 2 CLJ 209 [CA]

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Appeal - Appeal against conviction and sentence - Dangerous drugs - Trafficking - Methamphetamine found in bag hand carried by accused - Failure to consider accused's cautioned statement - Whether trial judge erred in applying presumption under s. 37(da) of Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 at end of prosecution's case and in finding accused failed to rebut presumption under s. 37(d) at end of defence case - Whether confusion of presumptions arose - Whether conviction safe - Dangerous Drugs Act 1952, s. 39B(1)(a)
Felix King v. PP
(Mohtarudin Baki, Rhodzariah Bujang, Kamaludin Md Said JJCA) [2019] 2 CLJ 209 [CA]

JURISDICTION

Federal Court - Inherent jurisdiction - Application for review against dismissal of application for leave to appeal - Whether applicant deprived of opportunity to have appeal argued on merits - Whether case fell within limited grounds and very exceptional circumstances - Whether inherent powers could be invoked to review own decision on merits - Whether applicant exhausted other remedies - Whether application could be used as further avenue of appeal - Whether acceptable reason given for delay in application - Whether sufficient grounds raised to justify review - Courts of Judicature Act 1964, s. 96 - Rules of the Federal Court 1995, r. 137
Kerajaan Malaysia v. Semantan Estates (1952) Sdn Bhd
(Ahmad Maarop PCA, Ramly Ali, Azahar Mohamed, Aziah Ali, Prasad Sandosham Abraham FCJJ) [2019] 2 CLJ 145 [FC]

LAND LAW

Indefeasibility - Indefeasibility of title - Land obtained through auction at High Court - Order for sale already set aside by Court of Appeal - Court of Appeal ordered second order for sale of land and second auction - Matter remitted back to High Court - Failure of High Court to comply with orders of Court of Appeal - Whether bid for land and acceptance of same rendered null and void - Whether title holder enjoyed indefeasibility of title - Whether title flawed and defeasible - National Land Code, s. 340
Adam Primus Varghese Abdullah v. Wee Loke Choon & Ors And Another Appeal
(Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat, Nallini Pathmanathan, Zabariah Mohd Yusof JJCA) [2019] 2 CLJ 190 [CA]

LIMITATION

Public authorities - Claim - Claim against public authorities premised on tort of negligence - Whether limitation period of 36 months set in - Whether claim time-barred - Public Authorities Protection Act 1948, s. 2(a)
Bhaskar Nadarajan v. Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur & Anor
(Darryl Goon Siew Chye JC) [2019] 2 CLJ 281 [HC]

TORT

Negligence - Allegation of - Vehicle fraudulently transferred to third party - Allegation that public authorities negligent for failure to properly examine documents used to effect transfer - Whether claim time-barred - Whether party sued was legal entity that could be sued - Whether public officer alleged to be primary tortfeasor cited as party - Public Authorities Protection Act 1948, s. 2(a) - Government Proceedings Act 1956, ss. 5 & 6
Bhaskar Nadarajan v. Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur & Anor
(Darryl Goon Siew Chye JC) [2019] 2 CLJ 281 [HC]

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LNS Article(s)

1. CHALLENGING AN AWARD OF THE TRIBUNAL FOR HOMEBUYER CLAIMS* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   by GREGORY DAS [2019] 1 LNS(A) xvii

[2019] 1 LNS(A) xvii



MALAYSIA

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CHALLENGING AN AWARD OF THE TRIBUNAL FOR HOMEBUYER CLAIMS*

by
GREGORY DAS

In July 2018, the Minister of Housing and Local Government said that over 44,300 homebuyer claims had been resolved by the Tribunal for Homebuyer Claims ("the Tribunal") between January 2003 and June 2018.^[1] This means an average of around 7,300 claims are disposed of by the Tribunal in a year. This increased reliance on the Tribunal to resolve homebuyer disputes has resulted in the influx of challenges against the decisions of the Tribunal at the High Court of Malaya. Presently, on an almost daily basis, the High Court is called upon to determine judicial review applications to quash (or strike down) the Awards of the Tribunal. It is therefore appropriate to examine the main powers of the Tribunal in determining homebuyer claims and the grounds on which such decisions of the Tribunal can be challenged at the High Court.

. . .

* Published with kind permission of Messrs Steven Thiru & Sudhar Partnership.

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2. KONSEP MUTA'AH DALAM ISLAM DAN PELAKSANAANNYA DI MALAYSIA ^{[Read excerpt]}
   oleh ABDUL HALIM BIN ZULKIFLI* [2019] 1 LNS(A) xviii

[2019] 1 LNS(A) xviii



MALAYSIA

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KONSEP MUTA'AH DALAM ISLAM DAN PELAKSANAANNYA DI MALAYSIA

oleh
ABDUL HALIM BIN ZULKIFLI*

Pendahuluan

Seseorang isteri mempunyai hak dalam sesebuah perkahwinan samada semasa perkahwian ataupun setelah berlakunya penceraian. Sekiranya berlaku penceraian, seseorang isteri berhak mendapat beberapa hak antaranya ialah hak muta'ah yang telah diperuntukkan menurut Islam dan juga peruntukan undang-undang keluarga Islam yang berkuatkuasa di negara ini. Artikel ini akan membincangkan beberapa isu yang berkaitan dengan muta'ah, antaranya definisi muta'ah menurut Islam dan peruntukan undang-undang di negara ini, hak muta'ah atau dalil-dalil kewajipan membayar muta'ah dan juga kes-kes berkaitan muta'ah yang telah diputuskan oleh pihak Mahkamah Syariah di negara ini.

. . .

* Ph.D, Pensyarah di ATI, FSSK, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor. Peguambela dan Peguamcara/Peguam Syarie.

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3. THE EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN MALAYSIA* ^{[Read excerpt]}
   by TENGKU AHMAD HAZRI [2019] 1 LNS(A) xix

[2019] 1 LNS(A) xix



MALAYSIA

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THE EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN MALAYSIA*

by
TENGKU AHMAD HAZRI

The evolution of national identity in Malaysia was significantly influenced by the colonial experience. National identity as a unifying narrative for people of diverse backgrounds has nevertheless assumed different forms, such that in historical context, what passes as "ethnic" identity in the modern world in the past had a wider connotation. According to historian Anthony Milner, Malay identity before colonial rule revolved around the ruler, the system of kerajaan. Thus, when asked about his wherefores, the typical Malay would refer to himself as the subject of a certain king or ruler (raja) to whom he owes allegiance, rather than to a particular nation or community. So bound up was this community to the raja that even the notion of a worldwide community of believers (ummah) occupied a marginal role. Even when the Ottoman caliphate was abolished in 1924 by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the response of the Malays had been minimal.

. . .

* Published with kind permission of the International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies (IAIS) Malaysia. (www.iais.org.my).

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