CASE(S) OF THE WEEK
BURSA MALAYSIA SECURITIES BHD v. MOHD AFRIZAN HUSAIN [2022] 4 CLJ 657
FEDERAL COURT, PUTRAJAYA NALLINI PATHMANATHAN FCJ; ZALEHA YUSOF FCJ; RHODZARIAH BUJANG FCJ [CIVIL APPEAL NO: 02(f)-39-07-2021(W)] 31 MARCH 2022
Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad is not obliged to immediately and summarily de-list a listed corporation upon the listed corporation being served with a winding up order without regard to any appeals or legal challenges thereto, but should only do so upon a final determination of the said appeals or legal challenges; this said, in order to gain the corporation's continued listing, the liquidator of such a corporation in liquidation must continue to comply with the relevant Listing Requirements as provided under the law.
COMPANY LAW: Winding up - Appointment of liquidator - Liquidator's refusal to prepare company's annual report and financial statements - Whether breach of ACE (Access, Certainty, Efficiency) Market Listing Requirements ('AMLR') - Whether compliance with Listing Requirements within scope of liquidator's powers and duties under Companies Act 2016 - Whether Bursa obliged to summarily de-list corporation upon it being served with winding up order - Whether Bursa entitled to exercise discretion to modify or waive compliance of its own rules -Whether director of listed corporation in liquidation could continue to ensure compliance of Listing Requirements without authorisation of liquidator or court - Whether liquidator duty bound to comply with provisions of AMLR
STATUTORY INTERPRETATION: Construction of statutes - ACE (Access, Certainty, Efficiency) Market Listing Requirements, r. 16.11(2) ('AMLR') - Interpretation of - Whether AMLR issued pursuant to s. 378 of Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 - Whether AMLR of statutory origin and has statutory force binding all participants and investors in Malaysian Stock Exchange and Bursa - Whether Bursa bound to immediately de-list corporation upon pronouncement of order of winding up - Whether primary duty of Bursa to ensure public investor protection - Capital Markets and Services Act 2007, s. 11
WORDS & PHRASES: 'shall' - ACE (Access, Certainty, Efficiency) Market Listing Requirements, r. 16.11(2) - Whether 'shall' has single firm or settled meaning - Whether 'shall' denotes mandatory obligation - Whether there was duty or obligation on Bursa to immediately de-list corporation upon pronouncement of it being wound up - Whether there is danger in construing 'shall' in vacuo and without consideration of ACE (Access, Certainty, Efficiency) Market Listing Requirements and Capital Markets and Services Act 2007
KALIAMAH RAJAN & ORS v. SUPRITENDAN WOOI KOOI CHEANG, KETUA POLIS DAERAH TAMPIN, NEGERI SEMBILAN & ORS [2022] 4 CLJ 789
HIGH COURT MALAYA, KUALA LUMPUR JOHN LEE KIEN HOW JC [ORIGINATING SUMMONS NO: WA-24NCVC-168-01-2021] 08 MARCH 2022
The Malaysian Federal Constitution, unlike the Constitution in other countries, is written and requires strict compliance of the provisions contained therein. In the absence of any provision spelling out for compensation in the event of a violation of constitutional rights, any attempt by the courts in awarding such compensation under the Federal Constitution is tantamount to unauthorised judicial legislation and constitutes a breach of the doctrine of separation of powers; it follows that the claim for compensation pursuant to art. 5 of the Federal Constitution by the dependants of the deceased who died in police custody in this case must, of necessity, fail.
CIVIL PROCEDURE: Action - Res judicata - Damages due to death in police custody - Claim by dependants of deceased under art. 5 of Federal Constitution for compensation for violation of constitutional right - Earlier suit dismissed pursuant to s. 2 of Public Authorities Protection Act 1948 - Whether issues raised similar to issues in earlier suit - Whether issues already determined and decided in earlier suit - Whether claim barred by principle of res judicata
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: Constitutional rights - Personal liberty - Damages due to death in police custody - Claim by dependants of deceased under art. 5 of Federal Constitution (`FC') for compensation for violation of constitutional right - Whether remedy provided under FC - Whether action within confines of ss. 7 and 8 of Civil Law Act 1956 and s. 2 of Public Authorities Protection Act 1948 - Whether to allow application would tantamount to unauthorised judicial legislation - Whether dependants established relevancy of claim to violation of rights
LIMITATION: Public Authorities Protection Act 1948 (`PAPA`) - Claim against public authority - Death in police custody - Claim by dependants of deceased under art. 5 of Federal Constitution for compensation for violation of constitutional right - Whether claim bound by PAPA - Whether claim barred by 36-months limitation
APPEAL UPDATES
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Rozman Ibrahim lwn. PP [2019] 1 LNS 1493 mengesahkan kes Mahkamah Tinggi PP lwn. Rozman Ibrahim & Satu Lagi [Perbicaraan Jenayah No: 45A-62-06/2014]
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Ling Hang Tsyr v. PP [2019] 1 LNS 1573 overruling the High Court case of PP v. Ling Hang Tsyr [2017] 1 LNS 2107
LATEST CASES
Legal Network Series
[2019] 1 LNS 2122
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PP. lwn. ZYRITH NUR AINA BINTI ZAINUDIN & SATU LAGI
Apabila dua orang tertuduh dituduh atas kesalahan melibatkan dadah berbahaya yang dirampas dari tempat yang sama dan kemudiannya pertuduhan terhadap satu tertuduh telah ditarik balik oleh pihak pendakwaan, maka timbul keraguan yang munasabah mengenai pihak yang sebenarnya mempunyai jagaan atau kawalan terhadap dadah berbahaya tersebut.
PROSEDUR JENAYAH: Pembelaan - Penafian - Tertuduh menafikan pengetahuan berkenaan dadah berbahaya - Dadah dijumpai di dalam beg bersama dokumen pengenalan tertuduh - Beg dirampas dari rumah teman wanita tertuduh ketika tertuduh tidak berada di rumah - Beg dibiarkan dalam keadaan terbuka di ruang tamu rumah - Pertuduhan terhadap teman wanita tertuduh ditarik balik oleh pihak pendakwaan - Sama ada pihak lain mempunyai akses kepada beg - Sama ada timbul keraguan yang munasabah mengenai pihak yang mempunyai jagaan atau kawalan ke atas beg - Sama ada anggapan milikan dan pengetahuan dadah berbahaya telah dipatahkan
UNDANG-UNDANG JENAYAH: Dadah berbahaya - Pengedaran - Dadah dijumpai di dalam beg bersama dokumen pengenalan tertuduh - Sama ada tertuduh mempunyai kawalan atau jagaan ke atas beg yang mengandungi dadah - Sama ada tertuduh dianggap mempunyai milikan dan pengetahuan mengenai jenis dadah berbahaya - Sama ada anggapan milikan dan pengetahuan dadah berbahaya bawah s. 37(d) Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952 adalah terpakai
- Bagi pihak pendakwa raya - TPR Anis Wahidah Mohamad Bahagian Pendakwaan; Jabatan Peguam Negara
- Bagi pihak tertuduh - Alfred Egin
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[2020] 1 LNS 624
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PP lwn. MOHD FAUZI ARSHAD & SATU LAGI
Perintah pelucuthakan wang tunai yang telah disita hanya dibenarkan sekiranya Mahkamah berpuas hati bahawa pemohon telah membuktikan bahawa wang tersebut ialah hal perkara atau keterangan berhubungan kesalahan hasil daripada aktiviti haram dan tidak terdapat pembelian suci hati dengan balasan berharga berkenaan dengan wang tersebut.
UNDANG-UNDANG JENAYAH: Pengubahan wang haram - Pelucuthakan - Permohonan untuk melucuthakkan wang tunai yang disita yang didakwa merupakan hal perkara kesalahan berkaitan rasuah - Sama ada wang yang terlibat adalah hasil daripada aktiviti haram - Sama ada wang yang disita berkaitan dengan perbuatan rasuah - Sama ada terdapat pembelian suci hati dengan balasan berharga berkenaan dengan wang yang telah disita
- Bagi pihak pemohon - Timbalan Pendakwa Raya; Bahagian Perundangan & Pendakwaan Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah
- Bagi pihak responden - T/n Muhammad Abd Kadir & Co
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[2020] 1 LNS 645
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FELDA GLOBAL VENTURES HOLDING BERHAD lwn. MAHKAMAH PERUSAHAAN MALAYSIA & SATU LAGI
Setelah Mahkamah Perusahaan memutuskan bahawa pertuduhan terhadap pekerja yang berbangkit daripada kesalahan serius telah dibuktikan, maka adalah tidak wajar bagi Mahkamah Perusahaan kemudiannya memberi penekanan terhadap rekod perkhidmatan pekerja yang baik untuk dijadikan alasan bagi menutupi kesalahan serius pekerja tersebut.
UNDANG-UNDANG PENTADBIRAN: Semakan kehakiman - Certiorari - Pembatalan keputusan Mahkamah Perusahaan - Mahkamah Perusahaan memutuskan bahawa hukuman penamatan kerja adalah tidak bersesuaian setelah memutuskan pertuduhan terhadap pekerja telah dibuktikan - Penamatan kerja akibat kesalahan serius yang dilakukan oleh pekerja - Sama ada Mahkamah Perusahaan telah menggunapakai doktrin berpadanan dengan betul - Sama ada pertimbangan Mahkamah Perusahaan berhubung rekod perkhidmatan pekerja yang baik boleh dijadikan alasan untuk menutupi kesalahan serius - Sama ada Mahkamah Perusahaan telah memberi penekanan yang tidak relevan dalam keputusannya
- Bagi pihak pemohon - Edwin Rajasooria; T/n Kamil Hashim Raj & Lim
- Bagi pihak responden-responden - Norhasham Hasan & Shahril Adli Zain Tetuan Norhasham & Associates
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[2020] 1 LNS 2216
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SHUHADA ALANG SHUKOR v. KHAIRUL ANWAR SHAHARUDDIN
A contract relating to a loan which is in breach or in contravention of any provision of the Financial Services Act 2013 is not void solely because of such breach or contravention and thus, would not prevent a party from recovering monies loaned.
CONTRACT: Loan - Default of repayment of loan - Loan disbursed through internet banking and cash - Existence of loan acknowledged through letters - Defendant denies having received loan from plaintiff - Whether transaction between parties was relating to loan or investment - Whether defendant had admitted owing to plaintiff through contemporaneous documents and during trial - Whether loan agreement was in breach of Financial Services Act 2013 - Whether plaintiff was prevented from recovering loan monies from defendant
- For the plaintiff - Zahidah Zakaria; M/s G K Soh & Partners
- For the defendant - Mohd Ashri Rais; M/s Mohd Ashri Rais & Co
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[2020] 1 LNS 2217
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CHAN CHEN SHIN v. LIM THIAM HUAT & ORS
It is unsafe for the court to conclude summarily that an action discloses no reasonable cause of action, is scandalous, frivolous, or vexatious or is an abuse of the court process when there are serious issues to be tried in the said action.
CIVIL PROCEDURE: Striking out - Counterclaim - Claim based on frustration of contract - Sale and purchase agreement of shares - Whether there were serious issues to be tried - Whether counterclaim was obviously unsustainable - Whether it was safe for court to conclude that counterclaim discloses no reasonable cause of action, is scandalous, frivolous, vexatious or an abuse of court process - Whether court could use its discretion to summarily strike out counterclaim
- For the plaintiffs in the counter-claim - Enoveetha Bhaskaran; M/s M Mahendra & Co
- For the first defendant (D1) in the counter-claim - Velary Thrisha Velayathan; M/s Dass, Jainab & Associates
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CLJ 2022 Volume 4 (Part 4)
The Computerised Land Registration System should mirror the ownership of original title as provided under para. 8 of the Fourteenth Schedule of the National Land Code. Where the computerised title is void ab initio, no good title passes in subsequent transaction. In this case, the wrongful act of the land officials in the exercise of their statutory duty deprived the registered proprietor of the ownership to his property. Consequently, the subsequent transaction pertaining to the title was rendered invalid.
CIMB Islamic Trustee Bhd v. Pendaftar Hakmilik Negeri Selangor & Ors [2022] 4 CLJ 499 [CA]
LAND LAW
LAND LAW: Title - Validity - Land title wrongfully registered in computerised system - Whether computerised title valid - Whether holder of void title could remain on register of title as owner - Whether charge registered on land valid - Whether anyone could gain good title by subsequent transaction on invalid title
LAND LAW: Title - Registration - Land title wrongfully registered in computerised system - Whether computerised title valid - Whether registered owner deprived of ownership to property through wrongful act of land officials - Whether there was breach of statutory duty by land officials - Whether action time-barred - Whether land officials could claim immunity from any legal proceedings
VERNON ONG LAM KIAT JCA
YEW JEN KIE JCA
HAS ZANAH MEHAT JCA
- For the appellant - Daniel Siew & Tee Boon Cheong; M/s Tee Boon Cheong & Co
- For the 1st & 2nd respondents - Siti Fatimah Talib & Nurul Husna Lucyia Gelangang; SLO
- For the 3rd & 4th respondents - Wong Kok Yih; M/s Farid Wong & Wee
- F or the 5th respondent - Jack Yow Pit Pin & Melvin Ng Yet Ting; M/s Rahmat Lim & Partners
In the absence of jurisdiction conferred on the criminal court to deal with declaratory reliefs, the criminal court has no power to grant the declaratory reliefs sought, which is a civil remedy. A criminal court cannot be equated with a civil court for the purpose of exercising power relating to grant of declaration; hence the applicant ought to have moved the civil court for the appropriate remedy and not resort to criminal proceedings for the relief sought.
Datin Seri Rosmah Mansor v. PP & Another Appeal [2022] 4 CLJ 523 [CA]
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: Jurisdiction - High Court - Granting of declaratory reliefs - Whether High Court exercising criminal jurisdiction has power to grant declaratory reliefs - Whether subject matter of declaration civil in nature - Whether criminal court could be equated with civil court for purpose of exercising powers relating to grant of declaration - Courts of Judicature Act 1964, s. 22(1)(a), (b) - Criminal Procedure Code
HANIPAH FARIKULLAH JCA
GUNALAN MUNIANDY JCA
HASHIM HAMZAH JCA
- For the appellant - Jagjit Singh, Akberdin Abdul Kader, Azrul Stork, Ummi Kartini Abd Latif, Meor Hafiz Salehan, Azalea Nazihah Zulkifli, Ardy Suffian Akberdin & Aaron Yap; M/s Akberdin & Co
- For the respondent - Gopal Sri Ram, Ahmad Akram Gharib, Mustaffa Kunyalam, Deepa Nair, Poh Yih Tinn & Fariza Amira Azman; AG's Chamber
Banks are highly regulated for obvious and incontrovertible reasons but, within the core for the need to regulate such financial institutions, is the indispensable necessity for uncompromising integrity. Consonant with this essential ingredient of integrity is a requirement, not only for integrity in the system in which financial institutions operate, but also in the personnel who man the system, namely the employees. Vested with responsibilities and duties, an employee is in a position within the financial industry that could not afford to brook any shortcoming in integrity.
Siti Dzahirah Harun v. Maybank Banking Bhd & Anor [2022] 4 CLJ 563 [CA]
CIVIL PROCEDURE
CIVIL PROCEDURE: Judicial review - Industrial Court - Judicial review against Industrial Court's award - Bank's employee dismissed following charges of misconduct - Employee engaged in private business without bank's consent - Matter referred to Industrial Court - Industrial Court dismissed employee's claim - Employee's application for judicial review of Industrial Court's award dismissed by High Court - Whether judicial review proceedings mere challenge to findings of fact and conclusions made by Industrial Court - Whether findings reviewable by way of judicial review proceedings - Whether judicial review proceedings initiated by employee essentially appeal in disguise
MOHAMAD ZABIDIN MOHD DIAH JCA
S NANTHA BALAN JCA
DARRYL GOON SIEW CHYE JCA
- For the appellant - Muhammad Farhan Muhammad Shafee & Zahria Eleena Ahmad Redza; M/s Shafee & Co
- For the respondent - Thavalingam C Thavarajah & Rebecca Sonali Alfred; M/s T Thavalingam & Co
An attempt by the directors of a company to achieve proper corporate governance is not compatible with a conspiracy to injure, nor could it be said that the directors had breached their duties and had acted in variance with one another when they had acted in the interest of the company and its shareholders. Concern for a company's finances, assets and management could not be seen to be contrary or injurious to its interest.
Nautilus Tug & Towage Sdn Bhd v. Nautical Supreme Sdn Bhd & Ors [2022] 4 CLJ 594 [HC]
TORT | COMPANY LAW
TORT: Conspiracy - Conspiracy to injure - Joint venture partners - Dispute between shareholders - Whether attempt to achieve proper corporate governance compatible with alleged intention to injure - Whether directors caused strife and disharmony - Whether directors acted in interest of company - Whether alleged conspiracy to injure by lawful or unlawful means made out - Whether tort of conspiracy established
COMPANY LAW: Directors - Duties - Breach - Allegation of overt acts amounting to conspiracy to injure - Motive and purpose - Whether attempt to achieve proper corporate governance compatible with alleged intention to injure - Whether directors acted in variance with one another - Whether directors caused strife and disharmony - Whether directors acted in interest of company - Concern for company's finances, assets and management - Whether contrary or injurious to its interest - Whether there was breach of duty on directors' part
- For the plaintiff - David Mathews, Olivia Loh & Lai Ann Xing; M/s Gananathan Loh
- For the defendants - Pang Kong Leng, Chok Zhin Theng, Jonathan Lim & Hazel Ling; M/s Cheah Teh & Su
ARTICLES
LNS Article(s)
YOU PRACTICALLY COMPLETE ME: PRACTICAL COMPLETION UNDER UNDEFINED CIRCUMSTANCES* [Read excerpt]
by Sua Shiang - Nian** [2022] 1 LNS(A) lii
[2022] 1 LNS(A) lii
MALAYSIA
YOU PRACTICALLY COMPLETE ME: PRACTICAL COMPLETION UNDER UNDEFINED CIRCUMSTANCES*
by Sua Shiang - Nian**
Introduction
In the construction industry, practical completion marks one of the most important milestones in the construction contract. Generally, upon practical completion, a series of rights and obligations under the contract are triggered as a result. It is common to see that upon the issuance of the Certificate of Practical Completion, the site possession is handed over from the contractor to the employer, the first moiety of the retention sum is released, the contractor's liability to pay Liquidated Ascertained Damages ends, and the commencement of the Defects Liability Period occurs. This is by no means an exhaustive list and various other rights and obligations can equally become the focal topic at issue. Thus, it is no coincidence that whether practical completion exists or not is often a hotbed of a dispute by parties under a construction contract.
This article will explore the meaning of practical completion where the construction contract is silent on the matter and therefore, its meaning and scope are left to the courts to determine.
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TASARRUF FUDHULI IN ISLAMIC FINANCE* [Read excerpt]
by Mohammad Mahbubi Ali [2022] 1 LNS(A) liii
[2022] 1 LNS(A) liii
MALAYSIA
TASARRUF FUDHULI IN ISLAMIC FINANCE*
by Mohammad Mahbubi Ali
The notion of tasarruf fudhuli (disposition of unauthorised agency, hereafter referred to as 'unauthorised agency') in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) has invoked an ongoing debate among shariah scholars and Muslim economists alike. Some perceive its application in IFIs as a violation of the general axiom of wealth protection that prohibits the encroachment of another's property as an important aspect of the protection of lawfully-owned property. On the other hand, many assert that the ratification feature under the concept attracts product innovation and offers flexibility to IFIs to rectify transactions involving the issue of unauthorised agency.
Classical Muslim jurists held diametrically opposed views on the legitimacy of unauthorised agents. The Hanbali school and the renewed fatwa of the Shafi'i school (qawl jadid) held that unauthorised agency is null and void. However, the Hanafis and Malikis consider it valid, its effectiveness only suspended (mawquf) contingent upon ratification by the person for whom the contract is intended. Once ratification occurs, the act becomes conclusively valid and all the legal effects that the shariah has assigned to it are established.
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THE RECENT CONTROVERSY AROUSED IN INDIA ABOUT WEARING HIJAB IN THE CLASSROOM: A BRIEF LEGAL OVERVIEW [Read excerpt]
by Nehaluddin Ahmad [2022] 1 LNS(A) liv
[2022] 1 LNS(A) liv
INTERNATIONAL
THE RECENT CONTROVERSY AROUSED IN INDIA ABOUT WEARING HIJAB IN THE CLASSROOM: A BRIEF LEGAL OVERVIEW
by Nehaluddin Ahmad
ABSTRACT
Wearing a hijab is a personal, voluntary choice of Muslim women of their own free will, motivated by personal piety of being identified as a Muslim. Muslim women should not be deprived of wearing the hijab, as this will impede their fundamental rights to manifest their religion and constitute indirect discrimination on the grounds of religion where everyone should be treated equally before the law, regardless of their gender, religion, race, color of their skin or language. Muslim women's freedom to wear the hijab is enshrined in numerous human rights provisions recognized by several international legal instruments and fundamental rights in countries' constitutions as the freedom to practice one's religion. According to Articles 14, 25, and 25(1) of the Indian Constitution, there is freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate religion. This paper aims to investigate the position of the hijab worn by Indian Muslim women and controversies raised during the present time.
. . .
LEGISLATION HIGHLIGHTS
Principal Acts
Amending Acts
Number |
Title |
In force from |
Principal/Amending Act No |
ACT A1651 |
Employment (Amendment) Act 2022 |
Not Yet In Force |
ACT 265 |
ACT A1650 |
Supplementary Supply (2021) Act 2022 |
11 May 2022 |
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ACT A1649 |
Patents (Amendment) Act 2022 |
18 March 2022 [PU(B) 168/2022] except s 14, para 26(a), s 45 and 47, para 48(a), s 55 and para 57(b) |
ACT 291 |
ACT A1648 |
Occupational Safety and Health (Amendment) Act 2022 |
Not Yet In Force |
ACT 514 |
ACT A1647 |
Malaysia Deposit Insurance Corporation (Amendment) Act 2022 |
22 February 2022 [PU(B) 120/2022] except sections 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27 |
ACT 720 |
PU(A)
PU(B)
Legislation Alert
Updated
Act/Principal No. |
Title |
Amended by |
In force from |
Section amended |
PU(A) 175/2019 |
Kaedah-Kaedah Cukai Pendapatan (Sekatan Ke Atas Kebolehpotongan Faedah) 2019 |
PU(A) 27/2022 |
1 Februari 2022 |
Kaedah-kaedah 5 dan 6 |
PU(A) 175/2019 |
Income Tax (Restriction on Deductibility of Interest) Rules 2019 |
PU(A) 27/2022 |
1 February 2022 |
Rules 5 and 6 |
PU(A) 34/2011 |
Malaysia Deposit Insurance Corporation (Differential Premium Systems in Respect of Deposit-Taking Members) Regulations 2011 |
PU(A) 24/2022 |
Assessment year of 2022 |
Regulations 2 - 7, 9 and 10 |
AKTA 291 |
Akta Paten 1983 |
PU(A) 63/2022 |
18 Mac 2022 |
Jadual Kedua |
ACT 291 |
Patents Act 1983 |
PU(A) 63/2022 |
18 March 2022 |
Second Schedule |
Revoked
Act/Principal No. |
Title |
Revoked by |
In force from |
PU(A) 449/2021 |
Road Transport (Prohibition of Use of Road) (Federal Roads) (No. 15) Order 2021 |
PU(A) 73/2022 |
1 April 2022 |
PU(A) 159/2012 |
Copyright (Licensing Body) Regulations 2012 |
PU(A) 61/2022 |
18 March 2022 |
PU(A) 127/2017 |
Malaysia Deposit Insurance Corporation (Order of Priority For Payments of Different Categories of Islamic Deposits, Determination and Classification of Assets and Application of Disposal Proceeds of Assets in the Winding Up of Deposit-Taking Member) Regulations 2017 |
PU(A) 41/2022 |
1 March 2022 |
PU(A) 182/2018 |
Perintah Pendaftaran Ahli Farmasi (Pindaan Jadual Pertama) 2018 |
PU(A) 486/2021 |
31 Disember 2021 |
PU(A) 182/2018 |
Registration of Pharmacists (Amendment of First Schedule) Order 2018 |
PU(A) 486/2021 |
31 December 2021 |
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