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Issue #21/2022
26 May 2022
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CASE(S) OF THE WEEK
DHINESH TANAPHLL v. LEMBAGA PENCEGAHAN JENAYAH & ORS [2022] 5 CLJ 1 Section 15B of the Prevention of Crime Act 1959 (POCA) cannot operate to immunise all decisions made under POCA by use of the ouster clause therein. The ouster clause in s. 15B, in seeking to oust the jurisdiction of the court in relation to judicial scrutiny of preventive detention proceedings pertaining to acts of the Prevention of Crime Board constituted under the Act (save for failure to comply with procedural requirements thereof), purports to exclude habeas corpus notwithstanding the express safeguards housed in arts. 4 and 5(2) of the Federal Constitution. It purports to strip the court of its constitutionally entrenched supervisory judicial function, and is thus unconstitutional, void and of no effect. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: Judicial review - Habeas corpus - Application by detainee under preventive detention pursuant to s. 19A(1) of Prevention of Crime Act 1959 ('POCA') - Whether s. 15B of POCA seeks to oust jurisdiction of court pertaining to judicial scrutiny of preventive detention - Degree of judicial scrutiny - Whether limited to compliance with procedural requirements under POCA - Whether habeas corpus excluded from judicial scrutiny - Whether ouster clause inconsistent with arts. 4(1) and 5(2) of Federal Constitution - Whether ouster clause void and of no effect - Whether rendered court's powers of judicial review no longer restricted to reviewing merely irregularities CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: Legislation - Constitutionality - Ouster clause under s. 15B of Prevention of Crime Act 1959 ('POCA') - Whether s. 15B purports to delineate jurisdiction of courts - Whether sought to restrict judicial powers in relation to preventive detention under POCA - Whether decision of Prevention of Crime Board immune from judicial scrutiny - Whether ouster clause inconsistent with arts. 4(1) and 5(2) of Federal Constitution - Whether ouster clause void and of no effect CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: Fundamental liberties - Right to be heard - Habeas corpus - Application by detainee under preventive detention pursuant to s. 19A(1) of Prevention of Crime Act 1959 - Whether afforded full opportunity to be heard - Contradictory versions pertaining to request for witness by detainee - Whether contradictions could be resolved by evidence - Whether withholding of evidence gives rise to adverse inference - Whether detainee denied full opportunity to put forward representations - Whether amounted to breach of natural justice - Federal Constitution, art. 151 APPEAL UPDATES
LATEST CASESLegal Network Series
CLJ 2022 Volume 4 (Part 6) Clause 12 of the statutory sale and purchase contract under Schedule H of the Housing Development (Control and Licensing) Regulations 1989 is clear in that it entitles a purchaser of a housing unit to claim damages in the event the developer uses different materials for the construction of the property without his written consent; 'different materials' means just that and does not necessarily connote 'cheaper materials'. It is also to be noted that in deciding whether the purchaser is or is not entitled to the damages sought for, the fact that he had opted to claim for damages instead of the alternative right to claim for a reduction in the price of the property is an irrelevant consideration. And in so far as proof of actual loss is concerned, the tendering of a quotation prepared by the building contractor detailing the remedial works to be undertaken, and the costs that it would entail, may suffice to constitute prima facie proof of the damages suffered by the purchaser; it needs no reiteration that in the absence of any rebuttal evidence against such a prima facie proof, it is not open to the developer to retort that the sum awarded is excessive and unreasonable. CONTRACT LAW
CONTRACT LAW: Agreement - Sale and purchase agreement - Breach - Claim for damages - Purchasers claimed for breach of contract against developer for changing building material - Building material for outer brick walls changed from autoclaved aerated concrete building block to flexcore without written consent - Whether losses suffered by purchasers proven - Whether claim for damages for purpose provided in cl. 12 of statutory sale and purchase contract, under Schedule H of the Housing Development (Control and Licensing) Regulations, requires proof of actual loss to be shown before damages could be awarded
ABDUL RAHMAN SEBLI FCJ
The Federal Court may decline to answer any question posed to it that does not relate to a matter in respect of which a determination had been made by the High Court and or the Court of Appeal. The appellants here, in resisting in the Federal Court the committal orders made against them pursuant to s. 360 of the Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 by the High Court and the Court of Appeal, cannot thus raise the issue that the committal orders arose from a monetary judgment not befitting of committal proceedings, as nowhere was this issue raised or canvassed before the Judge who heard the committal proceedings or the Court of Appeal. Since the judges of the two courts had not addressed their minds to this issue, it would be presumptuous for the apex court to guess what they would have decided. CIVIL PROCEDURE
CIVIL PROCEDURE: Contempt of court - Committal proceedings - Failure to comply with court order - Court made order under s. 360 of Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 to restore to company monies wrongfully paid out - Whether order of court could be collaterally attacked in separate proceeding without it being set aside - Whether all avenues exhausted to challenge validity of order - Whether order valid and binding - Whether there were merits in contention of resisting order for committal CIVIL PROCEDURE: Appeal - Leave to appeal - Questions of law - Whether questions posed must be couched to incorporate points of law which has effect of reversing conclusions made by lower court - Whether lower court made determination on issues - Whether issues raised in questions of law arose from judgments of lower courts - Whether court could decline to answer questions of law although leave was granted
VERNON ONG LAM KIAT FCJ
Forgery of documents in a sale of land is, by itself, sufficient in making a registered title defeasible even though the proprietor or the transferee is not a party to the forgery. This would, in turn, affect an immediate purchaser even if he is an innocent purchaser for value. LAND LAW
LAND LAW: Title - Indefeasibility - Fraudulent transfer of lands - Forgery - Disputed documents purportedly executed between registered proprietors and fraudster - Registered proprietors had not seen nor signed documents - Whether fraud or dishonesty established - Whether forgery established - Whether registered proprietors remained true owners of lands - Whether registered proprietors held indefeasible title - National Land Code, s. 340(2)(b) LAND LAW: Fraud - Transfer - Fraudulent transfer of lands through forged documents - Registered proprietors had not seen nor signed documents - Whether fraudster bona fide immediate purchaser - Whether fraud or dishonesty established - Whether forgery established - Whether forgery by itself sufficient in making registered title defeasible even though proprietors/transferees not party to forgery - National Land Code, s. 340(2)(b) LAND LAW: Charge - Bank - Land titles fraudulently acquired charged to bank - Whether bank carried out investigation and took precautions to find out more about land before granting loan to fraudster - Whether bank acted in good faith
HAS ZANAH MEHAT JCA
The alienation of state land under s. 9 of the Sabah Land Ordinance is not mandatory but discretionary. The Director of Lands and Surveys, in revoking the offer to alienate a parcel of land pursuant to the specific direction by the Cabinet, acted so within his discretion. Unless and until the decision of the Cabinet has been quashed or set aside by the court, the decision of the Director stands. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: Judicial review - Application for - Application for judicial review against decision of Director of Lands and Surveys ('Director') - Director issued offer to alienate land for parcel and offer was accepted by applicant - Offer later revoked by Director pursuant to decision/direction of Cabinet - Whether Director acted within discretion in revoking offer to alienate land - Whether decision lawful and valid
LEONARD DAVID SHIM JC
The rule of pleading accords with the fundamental rule of natural justice ie the right to be informed of any adverse point so that one has the opportunity to state the answer. Equally important is that material facts that supported the claim must be pleaded and failure to do so may be fatal. A claim based on unpleaded material facts cannot be allowed to succeed, and indeed, must necessarily fail. CIVIL PROCEDURE
CIVIL PROCEDURE: Statement of claim - Pleadings - Claimant's cause of action premised upon fraudulent conspiracy to cheat and unjust enrichment - Whether causes of action sufficiently pleaded and established in statement of claim - Whether requirements of pleadings complied with - Whether there was radical departure from pleadings - Whether new issues raised ought to be entertained
TEE GEOK HOCK JC
The charge against the accused for an offence under s. 13B(1) of the Food Act 1983 (for selling bottled mineral waters containing sulphate and chloride) is unsustainable. Sub-regulation 360A(11) of the Food Regulations 1985 along with the clarification from the Food Safety and Qualify Division of the Ministry of Health permit minerals such as sulphate and chloride to be include in mineral waters sold in the country. The charge is also defective as the prosecution fails to prove the capacity in which the accused is charged; it is a substantive error relating to the ingredient of the charge and is incurable in law. FOOD & DRUGS | CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
FOOD & DRUGS: FOOD & DRUGS: Food control - Offences under Food Act 1983 - Mineral water sold by accused contained sulphate and chloride - Whether permissible in Malaysia - Whether proceedings against accused initiated within time limit provided under s. 19(2) of Food Act 1983 - Whether charge against accused defective - Whether there was non-compliance with sub-reg. 360A(7) of Food Regulations 1985 - Whether there was offence committed by accused - Whether conviction and sentence ought to be set aside CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: Charge - Defective - Allegation of - Error in stating offence or particulars required to be stated in charge - Failure to prove capacity in which accused was charged - Whether charge was not drafted accurately - Whether substantive error curable - Whether caused injustice to accused
BHUPINDAR SINGH JC
The law of defamation in Malaysia does not extend to the protection of a certain religion or a group professing the said religious belief or even blasphemy. It would be inappropriate for the court to create a new form of tort that has not been recognised by the jurisprudence of Malaysian courts or any courts within the Commonwealth. This task should be left to Parliament as it will require details that may only be filled in by legislation. CIVIL PROCEDURE | TORT
CIVIL PROCEDURE: Striking out - Application for - Allegation that words and statements uttered by individual harassed Malaysian Hindus and oppressed Hindu religion in Malaysia - Claim against individual for uttering words and police, Minister of Home Affairs and Government of Malaysia for failure to act against individual - Whether claimants' statement of claim disclosed reasonable cause of action - Whether claim scandalous, frivolous and vexatious - Whether an abuse of court process - Rules of Court 2012, O. 18 r. 19(1)(a), (b) & (d) TORT: Defamation - Claim - Allegation that words and statements uttered by individual harassed Malaysian Hindus and oppressed Hindu religion in Malaysia - Claim akin to claim for libel or slander - Whether law of defamation in Malaysia extended to protection of religion or group professing certain religious belief - Whether claimants pleaded valid cause of action - Whether cause of action recognised under Malaysian law TORT: Negligence - Claim - Allegation that words and statements uttered by individual harassed Malaysian Hindus and oppressed Hindu religion in Malaysia - Claim against individual for uttering words and police, Minister of Home Affairs and Government of Malaysia for failure to act against individual - Whether Police Act 1967 created statutory duty enforceable by private cause of action - Whether tort of negligence recognised in law for failure to exercise powers afforded to police
MOHD ARIEF EMRAN ARIFIN JC
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